# US 4,394,138 A · Diverging vortex separator

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- Number: US 4,394,138 A
- Document ID: US4394138A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/004,805
- Filed: 1979-01-19
- Granted: 1983-07-19
- Earliest claimed: 1979-01-19
- Inventors: John R. Schilling
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4394138A

## CPC

- B04C 3/00: Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex {flow following a screw-thread type line} remains unchanged {; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct (combined with other devices B04C9/00)}
- B01D 45/12: by centrifugal forces (centrifuges B04B; cyclones B04C)
- B04C 3/06: Construction of inlets or outlets to the vortex chamber
- F22B 37/32: using centrifugal force
- B04C: APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES ({centrifugal separation of water from steam B01D45/12;} jet mills B02C19/06; {wind sifters B07B7/00;} cyclonic type combustion apparatus F23; {vortex burners for cyclone-type combustion apparatus F23D1/02; cyclonic type combustion apparatus for gas turbines F23R3/00})
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- F22B: METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS

## Abstract

A centrifugal separator for the separation of the liquid and gaseous phases of a mixture thereof, which separator has an upwardly diverging vortex section with a relatively small diameter inlet to produce a high centrifugal acceleration and a relatively large diameter outlet to produce a low vertical throughput velocity thereat to minimize reentrainment of the separated liquid back into the gaseous phase. The vortex section is preferably hyperbolically shaped to maximize the overall efficiency of the separator. An annular discharge lip extends outwardly from and then downwardly relative to the vortex section outlet for the discharge of separated liquid from the vortex section.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A separator for separating the liquid and gaseous phases of a fluid mixture thereof comprising:
a vertical and upwardly diverging vortex section having a lower inlet, an upper outlet, and a vertically-continuous inner surface between said inlet and said outlet which is circular in configuration normal to the vertical axis of said vortex section throughout its height and which expands substantially hyperbolically,
means for introducing said fluid mixture into said inlet of said vortex section with a substantial component of tangential velocity,
first outlet means above said outlet of said vortex section for discharging the gaseous phase of said mixture from said separator,
second outlet means surrounding said outlet of said vortex section for discharging the separated liquid phase outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A separator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said inner surface of said vortex section conforms substantially to a selected portion of the curve defined by the equation hd=a, said curve having a horizontal asymptote, wherein d is the diameter of said inner surface of said vortex section at any point thereon, wherein h is the vertical distance from such point to said horizontal asymptote, and wherein a is a vortex form constant.

### Claim 3

A separator for separating the liquid and gaseous phases of a fluid mixture thereof, said mixture having a flow rate, w, in weight per unit time and a density, p, in mass per unit volume, said separator comprising:
a vertical and upwardly diverging vortex section having a lower inlet, an upper outlet and a vertically continuous inner surface between said inlet and said outlet which is circular in configuration normal to the vertical axis of said vortex section throughout its height and which expands substantially hyperbolically upwardly, said vortex section having a height between said inlet and said outlet thereof such that the number of complete revolutions, N.sub.s, of the mixture traveling helically up said vortex section is between 5 and 15,
means for introducing said fluid mixture into said inlet of said vortex section with a substantial component of tangential velocity, V.sub.ti,
said inlet of said vortex section having a diameter such that the ratio, GR, of centrifugal acceleration of said mixture at said inlet to the standard gravitational field, g, is greater than 500,
said outlet of said vortex section having a diameter such that the vertical component, V.sub.tho, of the velocity of the gaseous phase of said mixture at said outlet of said vortex section is less or equal to about one foot per second,
first outlet means above said outlet of said vortex section for discharging the gaseous phase of said mixture from said separator,
second outlet means surrounding said outlet of said vortex section for discharging the separated liquid phase outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A separator as set forth in claim 3, wherein said inner surface of said vortex section conforms substantially to a selected portion of the curve defined by the equation hd=a, said curve having a horizontal asymptote, wherein d is the diameter of said inner surface of said vortex section at any point thereon, wherein h is the vertical distance from such point to said horizontal asymptote, and wherein a is a vortex form constant.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

A separator as set forth in claim 4, wherein: ##EQU15##

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

A separator as set forth in claim 5 wherein said second outlet means includes an annular discharge lip extending outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section and then downwardly relative thereto.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

A separator as set forth in claim 5 wherein said first outlet means includes a dome above said outlet of said vortex section, said dome extending downwardly below and spaced outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section,
and wherein said second outlet means includes an annular discharge lip extending outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section and then downwardly relative thereto, and a bridge ring extending between said discharge lip and said dome to form therewith an annular collector trough surrounding and below said outlet of said vortex section.

### Claim 8

A method of separating the liquid and gaseous phases of fluid mixture thereof utilizing a separator having a vertical vortex section with a lower inlet and an upper outlet and a vertically continuous inner surface between said inlet and outlet which is circular in configuration normal to the vertical axis of said vortex section throughout its height, the method comprising:
introducing said mixture into said inlet with a component of tangential velocity, V.sub.ti such that the ratio, GR, of centrifugal acceleration of said mixture at said inlet to the standard gravitational field, g, is greater than 500,
confining said mixture by said vortex section for free upward travel of said mixture through a helical path within said vortex section from said inlet to said outlet, said helical path between said inlet and said outlet having a number of complete revolutions, N.sub.s, between 5 and 15,
expanding the diameter of said helical path substantially hyperbolically in the direction of flow and from said inlet to said outlet such that the vertical component, V.sub.tho, of the velocity of the gaseous phase of said mixture at said outlet is less or equal to about one foot per second,
removing the separated liquid phase of said mixture outwardly from said outlet of said vortex section,
removing the gaseous phase of said mixture upwardly from said outlet of said vortex section.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the diameter of said helical path is expanded substantially hyperbolically upwardly in substantial conformance to a selected portion of the curve defined by the equation hd=a, said curve having a horizontal asymptote, wherein d is the diameter of said path at any point thereon, wherein h is the vertical distance from such point to said horizontal asymptote, and wherein a is a vortex form constant.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method as set forth in claim 9 wherein: ##EQU16## in which: w=flow rate of said mixture, in weight per unit time
.rho.=density of said mixture, in mass per unit volume.