# US 4,393,651 A · Fuel control method and apparatus

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- Number: US 4,393,651 A
- Document ID: US4393651A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/183,059
- Filed: 1980-09-02
- Granted: 1983-07-19
- Earliest claimed: 1980-09-02
- Assignees: Chandler Evans Inc.
- Inventors: Robert E. Peck; Raymond D. Zagranski
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4393651A

## CPC

- F02C 9/28: Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed (F02C9/30 - F02C9/38, F02C9/44 take precedence)
- F02C 9/36: characterised by returning of fuel to sump (F02C9/38 takes precedence)
- F02M 51/02: specially for low-pressure fuel-injection ({F02M51/005 takes precedence;} pumpsper se F02M51/04; injectors per se F02M51/08)
- F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00)
- F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF

## Abstract

A fuel control for a gas turbine engine has a positive displacement pump (10) which directs fuel to a constant flow regulator (14) which generates a constant or fixed rate flow of fuel. A flow diverter (16) includes a dividing device which divides the constant flow of fuel between a discharge conduit (18) connected to the burner nozzles of the engine and a bypass conduit (20) connected to the inlet side of the pump. A computer (22) which is adapted to sense various engine parameters; and calculate fuel flow controls the flow dividing device in order to apportion the flow so that the calculated fuel flow is delivered to the engine.

## Claims

### Claim 1

In a fuel control for a gas turbine engine of the type having: a pump for delivering a pressurized flow of fuel; an inlet conduit for receiving fuel flow from the pump; a discharge conduit in fluid communication with the inlet conduit for delivering fuel to the engine; and a computer responsive to selected engine parameters for generating a signal indicative of a requested fuel flow, the improvement comprising:
a constant flow regulator fluidly connected to the pump and the inlet conduit for generating a constant flow of fuel in the inlet conduit;
a bypass conduit in fluid communication with the inlet side of the pump for returning fuel thereto; and
a flow diverter, having first and second outlet ports, positioned in the inlet conduit such that it receives the constant fuel flow therein and has the first and second outlet ports in respective fluid connection with the discharge conduit and the bypass conduit, the flow diverter including a flow dividing device responsive to the signal from the computer for apportioning the constant fuel flow between the first and second outlet ports so that the requested fuel flow is delivered to the discharge conduit and the remainder of the constant fuel flow is delivered to the bypass conduit.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The improvement of claim 1, wherein the flow dividing device comprises:
a ball element disposed in the inlet conduit and displaceable between a first position in which it chokes the first outlet port and a second position in which it chokes the second outlet port such that the constant fuel flow is directed through the outlet port which is not choked;
a solenoid, having a plunger, mounted in the fuel control such that movement of the plunger displaces the ball element, the solenoid being operatively connected to the computer so that voltage pulses having a duty cycle commensurate with the requested fuel flow signal may be applied thereto.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The improvement of claim 2 wherein the computer is of the type which generates a signal in the form of an analog voltage and wherein the operative connection between the computer and the solenoid comprises:
a fixed frequency variable duty cycle oscillator adapted to generate a voltage wave form having a duty cycle commensurate with the signal from the computer; and
a solenoid driver connected to the solenoid and to the oscillator for receiving the voltage waveform generated thereby.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The improvement of claim 1, wherein the pump is of the positive displacement type and the constant flow regulator comprises:
a metering jet positioned in the inlet conduit for producing a pressure drop in the flow through the inlet conduit; and
a bypass differential pressure regulator in fluid connection with the inlet conduit at locations upstream and downstream of the metering jet and in fluid connection with the bypass conduit, the bypass regulator being adapted to bypass some of the flow in the inlet conduit upstream of the metering jet to the bypass conduit so as to hold a constant differential pressure across the metering jet whereby a constant fuel flow will proceed through the inlet conduit downstream of the metering jet.

### Claim 5

In a method of controlling fuel flow to a gas turbine engine which is of the type which comprises pumping a flow of fuel, and computing a scheduled fuel flow in accordance with selected engine parameters, the improvement comprising:
regulating the flow of fuel so as to generate a constant fuel flow; and
apportioning the constant fuel flow between a discharge conduit which carries fuel to the engine and a bypass conduit, running between a flow diverter and a pump intake, which carries fuel back to the pump such that the scheduled fuel flow is delivered to the engine.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The improved method of claim 5, wherein the regulating comprises:
producing a pressure drop in the pumped flow of fuel; and
bypassing a portion of the pumped flow of fuel so as to maintain the pressure drop at a constant value.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The improved method of claim 6, wherein the apportioning comprises:
switching the constant flow of fuel between the discharge conduit and the bypass conduit.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The improved method of claim 7, wherein the switching of the constant flow of fuel comprises:
pulsing a solenoid.

### Claim 9

In a fuel control for a gas turbine engine of the type having a positive displacement pump for delivering a pressurized flow of fuel; an inlet conduit for receiving fuel flow from the pump; a discharge conduit in fluid communication with the inlet conduit for delivering fuel to the engine; and an electronic computer responsive to selected engine parameters for generating an analog voltage signal indicative of a requested fuel flow, the improvement comprising:
a metering jet positioned in the inlet conduit for producing a pressure drop in the flow through the inlet conduit;
a bypass differential pressure regulator in fluid connection with the inlet conduit at locations upstream and downstream of the metering jet, the bypass regulator being adapted to bypass some of the flow in the inlet conduit upstream of the metering jet so as to hold a constant differential pressure across the metering jet whereby a constant fuel flow will proceed through the inlet conduit downstream of the metering jet;
first and second seats located in the inlet conduit downstream of the metering jet and defining first and second outlet ports, the first outlet port being in fluid connection with the discharge conduit;
a bypass conduit in fluid connection with the second outlet port and the bypass regulator for bypassing fuel received through the second outlet port and also fuel bypassed by the bypass regulator to the inlet side of the pump;
a ball element disposed in the inlet conduit and displaceable between a first position in which it is seated against the first seat so as to choke the first outlet port and a second position in which it is seated against the second seat so as to choke the second outlet port; and
a solenoid, having a plunger, mounted in the fuel control such that movement of the plunger displaces the ball element, the solenoid being operatively connected to the computer in such a manner that voltage pulses having a duty cycle commensurate with the voltage signal may be applied thereto.