# US 4,393,433 A · Overvoltage protector for telephone lines > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,393,433 A - Document ID: US4393433A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/284,005 - Filed: 1981-07-16 - Granted: 1983-07-12 - Earliest claimed: 1981-07-16 - Assignees: Northern Telecom Limited - Inventors: James E. Anderson; John D. Lee; Frederick C. Livermore - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4393433A ## CPC - H01T 1/22: by the shape or the composition of the electrodes - H01T 4/04: Housings (H01T4/06 takes precedence) - H01T 4/10: having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel - H01T: SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES (overvoltage protection circuits H02H) ## Abstract An overvoltage or surge protector, particularly for telephone lines, has two electrodes in opposition in a housing. The gap between the inner ends of the electrodes is set by a layer of dielectric material on the center portion of one or both end surfaces of the electrodes. Breakdown occurs with assistance from dielectric stimulation of the arc, resulting from an electrical field across the dielectric. The center portions are surrounded by annular grooves, which are also covered with a dielectric layer. The end surfaces external to the center portions can be convex, and also roughened. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An overvoltage protector comprising: a tubular housing of dielectric material: two electrodes in said housing, said electrodes each having an inner end surface, said inner end surfaces being in mutual opposition; said inner end surface of at least one of said electrodes comprising a central portion, an annular groove extending around said central portion, and an outer annular portion extending around said annular groove; a dielectric layer extending across said central portion and at least partly into said annular groove, said dielectric layer being clamped between the juxtaposed central portions of said electrodes; means for making electrical connections to said electrodes, wherein said outer annular portion is spaced from the corresponding opposed inner surface of the other of said electrodes to form a spark gap therebetween, said spark gap being substantially aligned laterally with the plane of said dielectric layer. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, including a further dielectric layer on the central portion of the inner end surface of said other electrode, said further dielectric layer in contact with that, on said center portion of said one electrode. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A protector as claimed in claim 2, each of said inner end surfaces having a convex profile, the gap between said convex profiles increasing in a direction away from said central portions. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A protector as claimed in claim 3, said convex surfaces having a roughened finish. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, including a layer of dielectric material on the outer peripheral surface of each electrode, extending from said end surface at least part way for the length of the electrode. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, said electrodes having outer ends, said outer ends extending from said housing for electrical connection thereto. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, said gap being at ambient pressure. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A protector as claimed in claim 7, said housing being porous. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) A protector as claimed in claim 7, including at least one vent in said housing. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, said electrodes sealed to said housing, said gap being in a sealed environment. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A protector as claimed in claim 1, said center portion having an end surface projecting beyond the remainder of said inner end surface of the electrode. ### Claim 12 An overvoltage protector for telephone lines, comprising: a tubular housing of dielectric material; two electrodes in said housing, said electrodes each having an outer end surface extending from said housing and an inner end surface in opposition; a dielectric layer on a center portion of each of said inner end surfaces, said dielectric layers in contact, and a gap between the inner end surfaces of said electrodes; an annular groove extending around each center portion, each groove having inner and outer side surfaces and a bottom surface, and a layer of dielectric material on the side and bottom surfaces; a layer of dielectric material on the outer peripheral surface of each electrode at an inner end, extending from the inner end surface. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A protector as claimed in claim 12, each of said inner end surfaces having a convex profile, the gap between the inner end surfaces increasing in a direction away from said central portions. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A protector as claimed in claim 13, each of said inner end surfaces having a roughened finish for said convex profile. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) A protector as claimed in claim 12, said housing at ambient pressure. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) A protector as claimed in claim 15, including at least one vent in said housing. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) A protector as claimed in claim 12, said housing sealed and said gap at a sub-atmospheric pressure. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) A protector as claimed in claim 12, said layer of dielectric material being an anodized layer.