# US 4,393,176 A · Anti-static material and method of making the material > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,393,176 A - Document ID: US4393176A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/327,471 - Filed: 1981-12-04 - Granted: 1983-07-12 - Earliest claimed: 1981-12-04 - Assignees: Bengal, Inc. - Inventors: William Lybrand - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4393176A ## CPC - C09K 3/16: Anti-static materials - C08K 5/17: Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds - Y10S 260/19: Non-high polymeric antistatic agents/n - Y10S 260/21: Polymer chemically or physically modified to impart antistatic properties and methods of antistatic agent addition - C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ## Abstract A thermoplastic material formed from a hydrocarbon chain is modified to inhibit the production of static charges. The thermoplastic material may be a modified styrene or a polystyrene. A chemical agent is dispersed in the thermoplastic material and is provided with properties of combining with the carbon molecules in the modified styrene or the polystyrene. The chemical agent may be an amine. The amine is preferably ethoxylated. The polystyrene may be a crystal styrene or a high impact styrene. The amount of the ethoxylated amine in the material is dependent to some extent upon whether the polystyrene is a crystal styrene or a high impact styrene. The material of this invention may be formed as sheets as by extrusion or may be injection molded into different members such as panels. The material may be formed by mixing the ethoxylated amine and the polystyrene and extruding the mixture under conditions of controlled temperatures and pressures and for controlled dwell times. ## Claims ### Claim 1 In combination for eliminating static charges by providing a resistivity in the range of approximately 10.sup.11 to 10.sup.12 ohms, a first material selected from a group selected from a group consisting of polystyrene and modified styrenes, and ethoxylated amines mixed with the first material in a range of approximately four percent (4%) to twelve percent (12%) by weight. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the first material is a polystyrene and the ethoxylated amines are mixed with the polystyrene in a range of eight percent (8%) to twelve percent (12%) by weight. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the polystyrene and modified styrenes have a low specific gravity. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein approximately eighty five percent (85%) to ninety percent (90%) of the first material is crystalline and the remainder is amorphous. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the first material is a modified styrene and the modified styrene is an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and the ethoxylated amines are mixed in the modified styrene in a range of approximately four (4%) to ten percent (10% ) by weight. ### Claim 6 In combination for eliminating static charges by providing a resistivity in the range of approximately 10.sup.11 to 10.sup.12, a thermoplastic material selected from a group consisting of a polystyrene and a modified styrene where the polystyrene is selected from a group consisting of the crystal and high impact type and the modified styrene is selected from a group consisting of a vacuum-forming grade with an index of approximately 2.2 and a low melting temperature and a foaming grade with an index of approximately 2.6 and an increased melting temperature, and an ethoxylated amine mixed in the thermoplastic material in the range of approximately four percent (4%) to twelve percent (12%) by weight. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The combination set forth in claim 6, including, the thermoplastic material constituting a polystyrene and the ethoxylated amine mixed in the polystyrene in a range of approximately eight (8%) to twelve percent (12%) by weight. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The combination set forth in claim 6 wherein the thermoplastic material is a modified styrene and the ethoxylated amine is mixed in the modified styrene in the range of four (4%) to ten percent (10%) by weight. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The combination set forth in claim 8 wherein the thermoplastic material constitutes polystyrene and the chemical agent is dispersed throughout the polystyrene in the range of approximately eight percent (8%) to twelve percent (12%) by weight. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The combination set forth in claim 8 wherein the modified styrene is selected from a group consisting of a vacuum forming grade with an index of refraction of approximately 2.2 and a low melting temperature and a foaming grade with an index of refraction of approximately 2.6 and an increased melting temperature. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The combination set forth in claim 6 wherein the thermoplastic material constitutes an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and the chemical agent is dispersed throughout the thermoplastic material in a range of approximately four percent (4%) to ten percent (10%) by weight. ### Claim 12 A method of making anti-static material having a resistivity in the range of approximately 10.sup.11 to 10.sup.12 ohms, including the following steps: providing a thermoplastic material selected from a group consisting of polystyrene and a modified styrene, mixing the thermoplastic material and an ethoxylated amine in a range of approximately four percent (4%) to twelve percent (12% ) by weight, and extruding the mixture of the thermoplastic material and the ethoxylated amine at a controlled temperature below approximately 450.degree. F. and a controlled pressure below approximately 1,000 psi and a controlled dwell time below approximately three (3) minutes. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method set forth in claim 12 wherein the controlled temperature during the extrusion is less than approximately 450.degree. F. with the thermoplastic material constituting a polystyrene and is less than approximately 395.degree. F. with the thermoplastic material constituting a modified styrene. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method set forth in claim 12 wherein the modified styrene is selected from a group consisting of a vacuum forming grade with an index of refraction of approximately 2.2 and a low melting temperature and a foaming grade with an index of approximately 2.6 and an increased melting temperature and the ethoxylated amines have a range by weight of approximately four percent (4%) to ten percent (10%). ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method set forth in claim 14 wherein the pressure is between approximately 800 psi and 1,000 psi and the dwell time is between approximately two (2) and three (3) minutes. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method set forth in claim 15 wherein the thermoplastic material and the ethoxylated amine are vented to the atmosphere during the extrusion. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The method set forth in claim 14 wherein the thermoplastic material is an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, the ethoxylated amine has a range of approximately four percent (4%) to ten percent (10%) by weight, the pressure is between eight hundred pounds (800 lbs.) and one thousand pounds (1,000 lbs.) per square inch and the controlled temperature is less than 395.degree. F. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The method set forth in claim 12 wherein the thermoplastic material is a polystrene selected from a group consisting of high impact and crystal polystyrene the ethoxylated amine has a range of approximately eight percent (8%) to twelve (12%) by weight and the pressure is between eight hundred pounds (800 lbs.) and one thousand pounds (1,000 lbs.) per square inch. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method set forth in claim 18 wherein the pressure is between approximately 800 psi and 1,000 psi and the dwell time is between approximately two (2) and three (3) minutes. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method set forth in claim 19 wherein the thermoplastic material and the ethoxylated amine agent are vented to the atmosphere during the extrusion.