# US 4,393,031 A · Process for efficiently removing oxides of nitrogen from exhaust gas

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- Number: US 4,393,031 A
- Document ID: US4393031A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/255,824
- Filed: 1981-04-20
- Granted: 1983-07-12
- Earliest claimed: 1979-02-22
- Inventors: Werner Henke
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4393031A

## CPC

- B01F 23/19: {Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Arrangements, e.g. comprising controlling means}
- B01D 53/56: Nitrogen oxides (B01D53/60 takes precedence)
- B01D 53/9409: {Nitrogen oxides}
- F01N 3/20: specially adapted for catalytic conversion (F01N3/22 takes precedence)
- F01N 3/206: {Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents}
- F01N 2240/25: an ammonia generator
- F01N 2610/02: the substance being ammonia or urea
- F01N 2610/11: the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled
- B01F: MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING (mixing paints B44D3/06)
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- F01N: GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES (arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16)

## Abstract

A system for removal of oxides of nitrogen from the waste gas produced by various combustion processes discloses thoroughly mixing the waste gas with ammonia by means of a static mixing element and then passing the resultant mixture through a catalytic reactor. The ammonia may be supplied by reacting a portion of the waste gas with natural gas in the presence of a catalyst.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from a hot waste gas of a temperature of at least 420.degree. F. and containing nitrogen oxides, comprising:
dividing the waste gas into a first, second and third portion;
passing said third portion through a cooling loop;
adding a methane containing gas mixture to said second portion so as to convert part of said second portion into at least the amount of ammonia required for stoichiometric reaction with the nitrogen oxides in the waste gas;
combining said first, third and ammonia containing second portion;
thoroughly mixing said combination until said combination is substantially thermally and compositionally homogeneous by passing said combination through a static mixing element; and
passing the thoroughly mixed combination over a catalyst that catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen oxides to gaseous nitrogen in the presence of ammonia.

### Claim 2

A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from a hot waste gas of a temperature of at least 420.degree. F. and containing nitrogen oxides, comprising:
dividing the waste gas into a first, second and third portion;
passing said third portion through a cooling loop;
re-combining said first and third portion;
thoroughly mixing said re-combination until said recombination is thermally homogeneous by passing said re-combination through a first static mixing element;
adding a methane containing gas mixture to said second portion so as to convert part of said second portion into at least the amount of ammonia required for stoichiometric reaction with the nitrogen oxides in the waste gas;
combining said re-combined and thermally homogenized first and third portion with said ammonia containing second portion;
thoroughly mixing said second combination until said second combination is substantially thermally and compositionally homogeneous by passing said second combination through a second static mixing element; and
passing the thoroughly mixed second combination over a catalyst that catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen oxides to gaseous nitrogen in the presence of ammonia.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2)

The process recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a platinum group metal, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and tungsten oxide.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2)

The process recited in claim 1 or 2 further comprising the step maintaining the temperature of the combination at between 420.degree. F. and 520.degree. F. during catalytic reduction of the nitrogen oxides by adjusting the bypass ratio of said third portion as against said first and second portions from between a maximum of less than 100% down to 0%.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The process of claim 4 further comprising the step of cooling said ammonia containing second portion prior to recombining it with said first and third portions in response to the temperature of the combination during the catalytic reduction.