# US 4,392,894 A · Superalloy properties through stress modified gamma prime morphology > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,392,894 A - Document ID: US4392894A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/190,137 - Filed: 1980-09-24 - Granted: 1983-07-12 - Earliest claimed: 1978-06-06 - Assignees: United Technologies Corporation - Inventors: David D. Pearson; Frank D. Lemkey; Bernard H. Kear - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4392894A ## CPC - C22F 1/10: of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon - C22C 19/007: {with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent} - C30B 11/00: Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method (C30B13/00, C30B15/00, C30B17/00, C30B19/00 take precedence; under a protective fluid C30B27/00) - C30B 29/52: Alloys - C22F: CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS (surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by this subclass, C23F17/00) - C22C: ALLOYS (treatment of alloys C21D, C22F) - C30B: SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH (by using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds, B01J3/06); UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL (zone-refining of metals or alloys C22B); PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (casting of metals, casting of other substances by the same processes or devices B22D; working of plastics B29; modifying the physical structure of metals or alloys C21D, C22F); SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (for producing semiconductor devices or parts thereof H10); APPARATUS THEREFOR ## Abstract A high strength nickel base superalloy having a novel microstructure is described. The article consists of a gamma matrix containing a oriented gamma prime second phase having a plate or rod form. This noncuboidal gamma prime phase is produced by aging solution treated material under an applied stress. When this process is applied to a certain class of superalloys which are rich in refractory elements, the resultant structure provides exceptional resistance to creep at elevated temperatures. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for producing a high strength nickel superalloy article of the type having a gamma-gamma prime microstructure including the steps of: (a) providing a homogeneous single crystal article of a gamma-gamma prime type alloy in which both the gamma and gamma prime phases are saturated in refractory elements, in which the gamma prime phase has a lattice parameter which is at least 0.1% smaller than the lattice parameter of the gamma phase, and in which (at equilibrium) the gamma prime phase is present in from 30-75 volume percent; (b) heating the article to a temperature between the gamma prime solvus and the incipient melting temperature so as to dissolve the gamma prime phase into solid solution; (c) cooling the article at a rate sufficient to effectively suppress growth of the gamma prime phase; (d) applying a stress along an axis to the article while simultaneously heating it to a temperature at which growth of the gamma prime phase will occur; whereby the gamma prime phase grows in an oriented manner and the resultant microstructure is exceptionally resistant to creep along the axis of stress application during aging. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 wherein step d is performed as a separate step prior to placing the article in its service environment. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 wherein step d occurs during the initial exposure of the article to its service environment. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 wherein the axis along which the stress is applied is the <100> direction. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 in which the stress applied in step d is a tensile stress so that the gamma prime phase assumes a lamellar morphology with the lamellae being oriented substantially perpendicular to the stress axis. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 in which the stress applied in step d is a compressive stress so that the gamma prime phase assumes a rod like morphology with the major axis of the rods being substantially parallel to the parallel to the stress axis. ### Claim 7 A nickel base gamma-gamma prime superalloy article adapted to resist stresses at elevated temperatures along a principal axis which comprises: a microstructure comprised of a gamma phase matrix containing aligned rods of the gamma prime phase oriented substantially parallel to the principle axis, with the spacing between adjacent gamma prime lamellae being less than about 0.5 micron; said gamma and gamma prime phases being substantially saturated with refractory elements, said gamma prime phase having a lattice parameter which is at least 0.1% smaller than the gamma phase lattice parameter, and said gamma prime phase being present in an amount of from 30 to about 75 volume percent. ### Claim 8 A nickel base gamma-gamma prime superalloy article adapted to resist stresses at elevated temperatures along a principal axis which comprises: a microstructure comprised of alternating lamellae of the gamma and gamma prime phases oriented substantially perpendicular to the principal axis, with the spacing between adjacent gamma prime lamellae being less than about 0.5 microns; said gamma and gamma prime phases being substantially saturated with refractory elements, said gamma prime phase having a lattice parameter which is at least 0.1% smaller than the gamma phase lattice parameter, and said gamma prime phase being present in an amount of from 30 to about 75 volume percent. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7, 8) An article as in claim 7 or 8 which claims less than 8% chromium. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7, 8) An article as in claim 7 or 8 which contains more than 5% molybdenum. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) An article as in claim 8 in which the lamellae are oriented substantially perpendicular to the <100> direction. ### Claim 12 (depends on 7, 8) An article as in claim 7 or 8 in which the principal axis is the <100> direction. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A method as in claim 1 in which the stress applied in step d is greater than about 10% of the yield strength of the alloy temperature at which the alloy is heated.