# US 4,392,868 A · Gasoline fuel extender formulation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,392,868 A - Document ID: US4392868A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/316,352 - Filed: 1981-10-29 - Granted: 1983-07-12 - Earliest claimed: 1980-07-31 - Inventors: Fred W. Teckmeyer; George K. Dorn - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4392868A ## CPC - C10L 1/14: Organic compounds - C10L 1/1616: {fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine} - C10L 1/1824: {mono-hydroxy} - C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS ## Abstract A homogeneous combustion engine fuel extender fuel formulation has been provided for blending with gasoline as a relatively inexpensive substitute therefor in an amount of not greater than about 50% by volume. Although employing ethanol and naphtha, it is formulated in such a manner that disadvantages of naphtha and ethanol as used alone have been avoided and that gasoline containing the extender will have substantially the same working characteristics as commercial leaded and unleaded gasoline, requiring no changeover or adjustment of engine components when used alternately with 100% commercial gasoline. Basically, the formulation involves a critical solution content of an aliphatic naphtha, ethanol and a higher alcohol. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A homogenous combustion engine fuel formulation for blending with and use in commercial gasoline as an extender therefor in proportions of not greater than 50 parts by volume with respect thereto that is characterized by the stability of its alcohol content in the presence of water and its miscibility with and practicability for interchangeable usage with commercial gasoline; said formulation consisting essentially of naptha Z within a range of not less than about 6 to not more than about 10 parts by volume, about 1 part by volume of ethanol and about 1/4 to 11/4 parts by volume of a higher alcohol of the class consisting of anhydrous isopropyl and or N propyl alcohol, wherein the specific gravity of the ingredients of the formulation is not substantially greater than the gasoline to which it is to be added, wherein the premixed solution of ingredients is less soluble in water than ethanol, itself, and wherein its ingredients in the defined proportions as an extender for commercial gasoline have a substantially full phase stability therein. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A fuel extender as defined in claim 1 wherein its ingredients in solution are within a range of specificgravity of not greater than .+-.5% of the specific gravity of the gasoline to which the solution is to be added. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A fuel extender as defined in claim 1 wherein the specific gravity of the formulation is within a range of about 0.72 to 0.77. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A fuel extender as defined in claim 1 wherein the specific gravity of the naphtha Z is within a range of about 0.7275 to 0.7467, and the higher alcohol content within the specified range includes n-propyl alcohol. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A fuel extender as defined in claim 1 wherein it is in an amount of not greater than about 40 parts by volume to 60 parts by volume of commercial gasoline to be used for engine fuel. ### Claim 6 A homogeneous combustion engine fuel extender formulation for blending with and use in gasoline as a partial substitute therefor in proportions of not greater than about 40 parts by volume with respect thereto that is characterized by the stability of its alcohol content in the presence of water and its miscibility with and a substantial retention of engine operating characteristics as present with commercial gasoline; said formulation consisting essentially of a low octane aliphatic naphtha consisting of C7 heptane hydrocarbons, cycloparaffins, and a small amount of any aromatics and olefins wherein the heptane hydrocarbons and the cycloparaffins are within an approximate ratio of about 50% each in the naphtha, and wherein the naphtha is in an amount of not less than about 6 to not more than about 10 parts by volume in the formulation; said formulation also consisting essentially of about 1 part by volume of substantially dehydrated ethanol, and about 1/4 to 11/4 parts by volume of a higher alcohol of the class of anhydrous isopropyl; wherein the specific gravity of the ingredients of the formulation is not substantially greater than about .+-.2% of the gasoline to which it is to be added, and wherein all of the ingredients of the formulation as premixed in the defined proportions as an extender for commerical gasoline have a substantially full phase stability therein. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A fuel extender as defined in claim 6 wherein the heptane hydrocarbons are within a range of about 35 to 60% by volume and the cycloparaffins are within a range of about 40 to 60% by volume within the naphtha. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A fuel extender as defined in claim 7 wherein the specific graity of the naphtha is within a range of about 0.7275 to 0.7467. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) A fuel extender as defined in claim 7 wherein the specific gravity of the extender formulation is about 0.72 to 0.77. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) A fuel extender as defined in claim 7 wherein the anhydrous isopropyl alcohol is within a range of content of about 1/2 to 1 part by volume in the extender formulation. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) A fuel extender as defined in claim 7 wherein the aromatics are present in the naphtha in a maximum amount of about 5% by volume, and the olefins are present in a permissible maximum of up to about 0.5%.