# US 4,392,062 A · Fluid dynamic energy producing device

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- Number: US 4,392,062 A
- Document ID: US4392062A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/217,654
- Filed: 1980-12-18
- Granted: 1983-07-05
- Earliest claimed: 1980-12-18
- Inventors: Dale R. Bervig
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4392062A

## CPC

- F03B 17/005: {Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop (F03B13/06 takes precedence); Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind (perpetua mobilia using hydrostatic thrust or buoyancy F03B17/04)}
- F03B: MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS (positive-displacement engines for liquid F03C; machines for liquids and gases F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04, rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type F16H41/00)

## Abstract

A fluid dynamic device is provided which includes a fluid holding and U-shaped conduit having a first leg and a second leg, an electrical generating device positioned between and in flow communication with the first and second legs and being motivated by passage of the fluid therethrough, and injection means for injecting a substance of substantially less density relative to the normal density of the fluid within the second leg and at a location spaced below the top end of the first leg. The second leg diverges substantially where the low density substance is injected thereinto so as to accommodate expansion of the fluid occasioned by injection of the low density substance thereinto. In one embodiment, the device utilizes a compressible gas, such as air, as the low density substance which is provided by gas compressors and the compressors are utilized during periods of low energy demand upon an electrical grid system to compress air which is then later utilized during peak periods of electrical demand to produce energy within the device.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A fluid dynamic device comprising:
(a) a loop having a downcomer leg and a riser leg and adapted to receive a fluid;
(b) electrical generating means positioned between said legs and communicating therewith near a lower end thereof such that fluid in said downcomer leg may pass through said generating means into said riser leg, thereby motivating said generating means to produce power;
(c) injection means for injecting a substance having a relatively lower density than said fluid into said fluid in said riser leg at a location vertically spaced below the top of said downcomer leg; and wherein
(d) said riser leg substantially diverges near said injection means such that the diameter of said riser leg substantially increases immediately adjacent said injection means.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said downcomer leg and said riser leg are connected near upper ends thereof by a reservoir.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The device according to claim 2 wherein:
(a) said riser leg extends through fluid in said reservoir to at least near the top of said fluid.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The device according to claim 3 wherein:
(a) said lower density substance is a gas;
(b) said reservoir comprises an enclosure having an exhaust port; and
(c) a power generator is positioned in said port and is adapted to be motivated by said gas exiting from said chamber through said port.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The device according to claim 4 wherein said reservoir includes:
(a) demisting means for separating entrained moisture from a gas exiting said chamber.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said riser leg diverges in approximate proportion to a reduction in density of the fluid occasioned by injection of the lower density substance thereinto.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) the lower density substance is air and the fluid is water; and including
(b) dispersion means positioned above the injection means for preventing channeling of air through the water.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The device according to claim 7 wherein:
(a) said dispersion means comprises a screen positioned transversely in said riser leg whereby large bubbles in the fluid are selectively broken into small bubbles.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said injection means comprises a pressurization chamber about said riser leg for communicating with apertures in said riser leg for transferring said low density substance into said fluid from a storage means.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein:
(a) said low density substance is a compressed gas;
(b) said injection means includes an airfoil axially aligned with flow in said riser leg;
(c) said airfoil communicates with a supply for said compressed gas and has apertures therein to allow flow of said compressed gas into said fluid.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The device according to claim 10 wherein:
(a) said airfoil apertures are positioned to inject the compressed gas into the fluid with least amount of pressure on the compressed gas.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The device according to claim 1 wherein
(a) said low density substance is a gas; and including
(b) a gas compressor to compress gas; and
(c) transfer means for transferring said compressed gas from said compressor to said injection means.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The device according to claim 12 including:
(a) pressurized gas storage means communicating with said compressor for storing pressurized gas before injection thereof by said injection means.

### Claim 14

An energy storage and retrieval system comprising:
(a) a loop having a downcomer leg and a riser leg and adapted to hold a liquid;
(b) a generator communicating with said loop and motivated to produce electricity by flow of the liquid through said loop;
(c) a gas compressor device motivated by electrical power; said compressed gas being of less density than the fluid;
(d) compressed gas storage means communicating with said gas compression device and storing gas compressed thereby;
(e) selectively controllable injection means for injecting said compessed gas from said storage means into the liquid in said loop riser leg in a lower portion thereof having a diameter substantially greater immediately above said injection means than therebelow thereby reducing the density of the liquid in the riser leg such that liquid is urged to flow from said downcomer leg to said riser leg due to a density difference therebetween, thereby motivating said generator to produce electricity;
(f) whereby during periods of low electrical consumption electricity may be withdrawn from a power grid system to operate said compressor and during periods of high electrical consumption electricity may be produced by said generator and returned to said power grid system.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The system according to claim 14 wherein:
(a) said riser leg includes an upper portion having a diameter greater in size than the diameter of said downcomer leg; said riser leg upper portion extending from near the location of injection of said compressed gas into said riser leg to the top of said riser leg.

### Claim 16

In a method for producing power by injection of gas into a riser leg of a loop so as to motivate fluid to circulate in said loop to motivate a power generator, the improvement comprising:
(a) adding a foaming agent to said fluid before injection of said gas into a lower and diverging portion of said riser leg.

### Claim 17

A method for generating electrical energy comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a liquid in a loop having first and second generally vertically aligned legs, said legs being interconnected near lower ends thereof to each other and to a hydrodynamic-type electrical generator;
(b) injecting compressed gas into said second leg in a lower portion thereof at a location whereat said second leg is substantially larger immediately above where said gas is injected as compared to below where said gas is injected, such that the density of the fluid in said second leg is reduced by said compressed gas thereby urging fluid of normal density in said first leg to flow into said second leg and motivating said generator to produce electricity.

### Claim 18

A method for storing electrical energy comprising the steps of:
(a) using electricity from an electrical power grid system during periods of low electrical consumption to motivate gas compressors to produce compresed gas;
(b) storing said compressed gas;
(c) placing a liquid in a loop having first and second generally vertically aligned legs, said legs being interconnected near lower ends thereof to each other and to a hydraulic-type electrical generator;
(d) adding a foaming agent to said liquid;
(e) injecting said stored compressed gas into said second leg during periods of high electrical consumption in said electrical power grid, such that the density of the fluid in said second leg is reduced by said compressed gass thereby urging fluid of normal density in said first leg to flow into said second leg and motivating said generator to produce electricity;
(f) returning said produced electricity to said power grid.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

A method according to claim 17 wherein:
(a) said gas is injected into said second leg at a location where said second leg diverges so as to have a greater diameter above the location of the injection than below.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

A method according to claim 17 wherein:
(a) said fluid is water; and
(b) said gas is air.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17, 20)

A method according to claim 17 or 20 including the steps of:
(a) passing the lower density fluid in said second leg into a reservoir; thereafter
(b) allowing said gas to effervese from said fluid in said reservoir; and
(c) returning said fluid with said gas substantially removed therefrom to an inlet of said first leg.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

A method according to claim 21 including the steps of:
(a) passing said effervesed gas through a turbine to produce electricity.

### Claim 23

In a device for producing electrical power including a loop having an integral hydrodynamic-type electrical generator and a downcomer leg and a riser leg wherein fluid is caused to flow within the loop by addition of fluid density reducing means to a lower portion of the riser leg, the improvement comprising:
(a) having a divergent section in the riser leg located immediately adjacent the region where said addition occurs such that the diameter of the riser leg above the region of said addition is substantially larger than the diameter below, so that said fluid can expand and thereby decrease in density in the region of addition.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The device according to claim 23 wherein:
(a) the divergence of the riser leg is in approximate proportion to the decrease in density of the fluid in the region of said addition.