# US 4,391,928 A · Opacifying polymeric particle and uses > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,391,928 A - Document ID: US4391928A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/299,360 - Filed: 1981-09-04 - Granted: 1983-07-05 - Earliest claimed: 1981-09-04 - Assignees: NL Industries, Inc. - Inventors: Daniel F. Herman; Uno Kruse - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391928A ## CPC - C08F 291/00: Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to macromolecular compounds according to more than one of the groups C08F251/00 - C08F289/00 - C09D 7/42: Gloss-reducing agents - Y10S 525/902: Core-shell - C08F: MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS - C09D: COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR (cosmetics A61K; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general, B05D; staining wood B27K5/02; glazes or vitreous enamels C03C; natural resins, French polish, drying-oils, driers, turpentine, per se, C09F; polishing compositions other than French polish, ski waxes C09G; adhesives or use of materials as adhesives C09J; materials for sealing or packing joints or covers C09K3/10; materials for stopping leaks C09K3/12; processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings C25D) - Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS ## Abstract Opacifying and film-forming particles consisting of discrete capsules, each having a solid polymeric shell and a solid polymeric core and having a weight ratio of shell to capsule ranging from 0.25:1 to 0.5:1. The capsules are capable of providing a high degree of opacity and good film integrity in paint compositions in replacement for pigments in binding agents. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A latex coating composition of improved opacity and film characteristics, said coating composition comprising discrete capsules comprising a solid polymeric core surrounded by a solid polymeric shell having a Tg less than about 45.degree. C., wherein the weight ratio of said shell to the total weight of said capsule ranges from 0.25:1 to 0.5:1. ### Claim 2 An aqueous latex dispersion paint composition which forms at ambient temperatures into a hardened paint film, said latex paint having about 40% to 70% by weight total solids comprising on a dry solids weight basis: a. 10-25% of a film forming latex binder; b. 2-25% of an opacifying organic particle comprising discrete capsules comprising a solid polymeric core surrounded by a solid polymeric shell having a Tg less than about 45.degree. C., wherein the weight ratio of said shell to the total weight of particle ranges from 0.25:1 to 0.5:1; c. 15 to 40% opacifying pigment having a refractive index of at least about 1.8; d. 0 to 70% of extender pigment having refractive index below about 1.5. ### Claim 3 An aqueous latex dispersion paint composition which forms at ambient temperatures into a hardened paint film, said paint film having opacity and film characteristics substantially equivalent to a first film formed from a first composition containing pigment and binder wherein x is weight in pounds of said pigment in said first composition, y is weight in pounds of said binder in said first composition, said paint composition containing pigment, binder and an opacifying organic particle comprising discrete capsules comprising a solid polymeric core surrounded by a solid polymeric shell having a Tg less than about 45.degree. C., the weight ratio of said shell to the total weight of said capsule ranges from 0.25:1 to 0.5:1, wherein x' is the weight difference in pounds of the pigment between said first composition and said paint composition, y' is the weight difference in pounds of the binder between said first composition and said paint composition and z is the weight in pounds of said particles in said paint composition, x' ranges from about 0.1x to about 0.5x; y' ranges from about 0.1y to about 0.6y; and z ranges from about 0.3(x'+y') to about 0.9(x'+y'). ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said cores range in diameter from about 0.3 to about 1.0 micron. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The composition of claim 4 wherein said cores range in diameter from about 0.4 to about 0.8 micron. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The composition of claim 5 wherein said shell to said capsule weight ratio ranges from 0.4:1 to 0.45:1. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said core is formed of polymeric material having a T.sub.g greater than about 80.degree. C. and said shell is formed of a uncrosslinked polymeric material having a T.sub.g less than 45.degree. C. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The composition of claim 7 wherein the T.sub.g material of said core ranges from 80.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The composition of claim 7 wherein the material of said shell has a T.sub.g ranging from -45.degree. C. to +30.degree. C. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said material of said core is selected from a group consisting of methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and polystyrene. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The composition of claim 10 wherein said material of said core comprises polystyrene. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the material in said shell is selected from a group consisting of copolymers of acrylate, methyl acrylate, styrene and vinyl acetate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the particles are monodisperse. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said composition forms a film upon drying, said film contains voids and said voids ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.5 micron in diameter. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The composition of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said core is formed of a crosslinked polymeric material having a T.sub.g greater than about 70.degree. C. ### Claim 16 (depends on 3) The composition of claim 3 wherein said x' ranges from about 0.2x to about 0.4x, y' ranges from 0.2y to about 0.4y, and z is about 0.5(x'+y').