# US 4,391,790 A · Method and apparatus for reducing the ammonia concentration of sulfur recovery facility gas streams > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,391,790 A - Document ID: US4391790A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/306,061 - Filed: 1981-09-28 - Granted: 1983-07-05 - Earliest claimed: 1981-09-28 - Assignees: Standard Oil Company (Indiana) - Inventors: John W. Palm; Robert L. Reed - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391790A ## CPC - C01B 17/0439: {at least one catalyst bed operating below the dew-point of sulfur} - Y02P 20/584: Recycling of catalysts - C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C} - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract Ammonium compounds deposited on catalyst in a sulfur recovery facility are removed by passing a hot regeneration stream in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream containing ammonia followed by combustion or catalysis to reduce the concentration of ammonia in the regeneration effluent stream. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for sulfur recovery comprising: subjecting a gas stream containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to a partial combustion step in a noncatalytic first combustion zone to produce a mixture including hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, water, and unconverted ammonia; introducing the thus-produced water mixture into a Claus first catalytic reaction zone in which hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in the mixture react at a temperature above the dew point of sulfur to produce a hot effluent stream containing free sulfur; separating the thus-produced free sulfur from the hot effluent stream to produce a tail gas stream; forming free sulfur by contacting the tail gas stream with a catalyst at a temperature such that the preponderance of free sulfur thus formed is deposited on the catalyst; simultaneously depositing ammonium compounds on the catalyst; removing the thus-deposited free sulfur and ammonium compounds from the catalyst by passing a hot regeneration gas in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream comprising free sulfur and ammonia; and reducing the concentration of ammonia in at least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce a stream leaner in ammonia, said portion of the regeneration effluent stream being combusted in a noncatalytic combustion zone to produce said stream leaner in ammonia. ### Claim 2 A process for sulfur recovery comprising: subjecting a gas stream containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to a partial combustion step in a noncatalytic first combustion zone to produce a mixture including hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, water, and unconverted ammonia; introducing the thus-produced mixture into a Claus first catalytic reaction zone in which hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in the mixture react at a temperature above the dew point of sulfur to produce a hot effluent stream containing free sulfur; separating the thus-produced free sulfur from the hot effluent stream to produce a tail gas stream; forming free sulfur by contacting the tail gas stream with a catalyst at a temperature such that the preponderance of free sulfur thus formed is deposited on the catalyst; simultaneously depositing ammonium compounds on the catalyst; removing the thus-deposited free sulfur and ammonium compounds from the catalyst by passing a hot regeneration gas in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream comprising free sulfur and ammonia; and reducing the concentration of ammonia in at least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce a stream leaner in ammonia, said portion of the regeneration effluent stream being subjected to catalytic conditions effective for decomposition of ammonia to reduce the concentration of ammonia in said portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce said stream leaner in ammonia. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2) A process as in either of claims 1 or 2 further comprising: returning at least a portion of the stream leaner in ammonia as the hot regeneration gas. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2) A process as in either of claims 1 or 2 wherein: the stream leaner in ammonia is mixed with the feed to at least one Claus reactor in a Claus catalytic reaction zone in which hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide react at a temperature above the dew point of sulfur to produce free sulfur. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1, 2) A process as in either of claims 1 or 2 wherein: the stream leaner in ammonia is employed in the hot regeneration gas only so long as ammonia is being liberated from the catalyst during regeneration of the catalyst, said hot effluent stream from said Claus first catalytic reaction zone otherwise serving as the sole regeneration gas. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein: 5 to 15 percent of the regeneration effluent stream is returned to the noncatalytic first combustion zone where the ammonia in said regeneration effluent stream is substantially decomposed into nitrogen and water and the thus-combusted stream is subsequently fed to the Claus first catalytic reaction zone. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein: said regeneration effluent stream is combusted in said noncatalytic combustion zone to reduce the concentration of ammonia therein only until such time as the ammonium compounds on said catalyst have been substantially driven off; and the temperature of said noncatalytic reaction zone is held at about 2000.degree. F. until a subsequent regeneration cycle. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The process of claim 1 wherein: a first portion of said regeneration effluent stream is subjected to combustion in a second combustion zone; and the thus-produced stream leaner in ammonia is mixed with a remaining portion of said regeneration effluent stream to produce said regeneration gas. ### Claim 9 (depends on 2) The process of claim 2 wherein: about equal portions of the thus-produced stream leaner in ammonia are combined with about equal portions of hot effluent from said Claus first catalytic reaction zone and the resulting mixture is employed as the regeneration gas. ### Claim 10 A process for sulfur recovery from a gas stream containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide comprising: forming free sulfur by contacting the gas stream with a catalyst at a temperature such that the preponderance of free sulfur thus formed is deposited on the catalyst; simultaneously depositing ammonium compounds on the catalyst; removing the thus-deposited free sulfur and ammonium compounds from the catalyst by passing a hot regeneration gas in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream comprising free sulfur and ammonia; and reducing the concentration of ammonia in at least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce a stream leaner in ammonia wherein said portion of the regeneration effluent stream is subjected to catalytic conditions effective for decomposition of ammonia to reduce the concentration of ammonia in said portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce said stream leaner in ammonia. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) A process as in claim 10 further comprising: returning at least a portion of the stream leaner in ammonia as the hot regeneration gas. ### Claim 12 A process for sulfur recovery from a gas stream containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide comprising: forming free sulfur by contacting the gas stream with a catalyst at a temperature such that the preponderance of free sulfur thus formed is deposited on the catalyst; simultaneously depositing ammonium compounds on the catalyst; removing the thus-deposited free sulfur and ammonium compounds from the catalyst by passing a hot regeneration gas in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream comprising free sulfur and ammonia; and reducing the concentration of ammonia in at least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream to produce a stream leaner in ammonia wherein the stream leaner in ammonia is mixed with the feed to at least one Claus reactor in a Claus catalytic reaction zone in which hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide react at a temperature above the dew point of sulfur to produce free sulfur. ### Claim 13 Apparatus for sulfur recovery from a stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and ammonia comprising: catalytic means for catalytically forming free sulfur from the gas stream under conditions effective for depositing a preponderance of the free sulfur thus formed on catalyst in said means and simultaneously depositing ammonium compounds on the catalyst; regeneration means for removing thus deposited free sulfur and ammonium compounds from the catalyst by passing a hot regeneration gas in contact with the catalyst to produce a regeneration effluent stream comprising free sulfur and ammonia at an outlet of the catalytic means; and ammonia concentration reducing means in flow communication with the outlet of the catalytic means for reducing the concentration of ammonia in at least a portion of the regeneration effluent stream and producing a stream leaner in ammonia, said ammonia concentration reducing means being means for catalytically decomposing ammonia in said portion of the regeneration effluent stream and producing the stream leaner in ammonia. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) Apparatus as in claim 13 further comprising: means for returning at least a portion of the stream leaner in ammonia as at least a portion of the hot regeneration gas.