# US 4,391,642 A · Alkali metal silicate binder compositions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,391,642 A - Document ID: US4391642A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/199,927 - Filed: 1980-10-27 - Granted: 1983-07-05 - Earliest claimed: 1979-02-27 - Assignees: Foseco International Limited - Inventors: John Stevenson; Alan Cross; John G. Anderson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391642A ## CPC - B22C 1/167: {Mixtures of inorganic and organic binding agents} - C04B 24/02: Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers - C04B 24/06: containing hydroxy groups - C04B 28/26: Silicates of the alkali metals - B22C: FOUNDRY MOULDING (moulding refractory materials in general B28B) - C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE ## Abstract A binder composition in aqueous solution, suitable for use in the production of foundry sand moulds and cores is obtained by mixing (i) an alkali silicate (ii) a substantially water soluble carbohydrate selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and derivatives thereof and (iii) a phenolic compound selected from monohydric phenols, dihydric phenols, trihydric phenols, phenols of polynuclear hydrocarbons and phenolic acids, which is miscible with or soluble in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate. The composition may also contain an oxyanion such as a borate which is capable of forming a water soluble complex with the carbohydrate. A mixture of phenolic compounds, such as a mixture consisting predominantly of isomers of di- and trihydroxy diphenyl obtained in the distillation of crude resorcinol, may be used. The preferred carbohydrate is a stabilized starch hydrolysate whose reducing power has been removed by a process such as hydrogenation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A binder composition in aqueous solution obtained by mixing 15-47% by weight of an alkali metal silicate and 2-45% by weight of a substantially water soluble carbohydrate selected from nonosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and derivatives thereof and characterised in that it also contains 0.1-10% by weight of a phenolic compound selected from the group consisting of catechol, resorcinol, quinol, pyrogallol, an alkyl derivative of a di- or trihydric phenol, a hydroxy benzene dimer or oligomer containing two or more benzene rings and one or more hydroxyl groups, salicylic acid, gallic acid and mixtures thereof. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A binder composition according to claim 1 characterised in that the hydroxy benzene dimer is a monohydroxy diphenyl, a dihydroxy diphenyl or a trihydroxy diphenyl. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A binder composition according to claim 1 characterised in that the hydroxy benzene dimer is a mixture of di- and trihydroxy diphenyls produced as a still residue in the distillation of crude resorcinol. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A binder composition according to claim 1 characterised in that phenolic compound is a mixture of resorcinol, resorcinol homologues, catechol and catechol homologures produced in the carbonisation of coal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A binder composition according to claim 1 characterised in that it contains 26-45% by weight of alkali metal silicate, 3-27% by weight of carbohydrate, 0.5-1.5% phenolic compound and balance water. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that it also contains an oxyanion salt. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A binder composition according to claim 6 characterised in that the oxyanion salt is an alkali metal borate. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that it also contains furfuryl alcohol. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that it also contains formaldehyde. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that it also contains urea. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide selected from glucose and fructose or a disaccharide selected from sucrose, maltose and lactose. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the carbohydrate is a starch hydrolysate. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A binder composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the carbohydrate is a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A method of making an article of bonded particulate material which comprises forming to the desired shape a mixture comprising particulate material and a binder, and causing or allowing the mixture to harden, characterised in that the binder used is a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5.