# US 4,391,329 A · Use of marker fluid in cementing offshore wells

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- Number: US 4,391,329 A
- Document ID: US4391329A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/263,510
- Filed: 1981-05-14
- Granted: 1983-07-05
- Earliest claimed: 1981-05-14
- Assignees: Union Oil Company of California
- Inventors: Julius P. Gallus
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391329A

## CPC

- C09K 8/424: {using "spacer" compositions}
- C04B 28/02: containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- E21B 33/14: for cementing casings into boreholes
- E21B 47/005: Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS

## Abstract

Cementing casing in an offshore well by displacing a drilling fluid with a settable cement slurry wherein there is injected into the annulus between the sidewall of the well and the casing ahead of the cement slurry a slug of a visually identifiable marker fluid containing cement, water, particulate carbon black, coal dust, and a surface active agent; visually observing when the fluid being displaced from the annulus changes from drilling fluid to marker fluid, and shutting in the well to allow the cement slurry to set.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Method for cementing casing in an offshore well completed under water comprising sequentially:
(a) drilling a borehole,
(b) positioning a drilling fluid in the borehole,
(c) positioning one or more connected sections of casing in the borehole,
(d) injecting into the casing, out the bottom thereof, up the annular space between the casing and the borehole and out into the surrounding water a slug of about 2 to 20 barrels of a black colored marker fluid comprising:
[1] 100 parts by weight cement;
[2] about 35 to 56 parts by weight water,
[3] about 5 to 8 parts by weight particulate carbon black,
[4] about 4 to 6.4 parts by weight coal dust, and
[5] about 0.52 to 0.84 parts by weight surface active agent,
(e) injecting into the casing via the same route a cement slurry,
(f) observing the displaced fluid emerging into the surrounding water from the annular space,
(g) observing when the black colored marker fluid begins to emerge from the annular space,
(h) removing the cement slurry from the casing, and
(i) shutting in the well for sufficient time to allow the cement slurry to set.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein, following observing when the black colored marker fluid begins to emerge from the annular space, there is injected into the casing a volume of displacement fluid approximately equal to the volume of marker fluid injected.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 wherein the displacement fluid is selected from the group consisting of water, drilling fluid and cement slurry.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of observing when the black colored marker fluid begins to emerge from the annular space is conducted by divers.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein the step of observing when the black colored marker fluid begins to emerge from the annular space is conducted by a television camera.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 wherein, following the step of positioning the casing in the borehole, the steps of lowering a conduit into the casing and into fluid-tight engagement therewith near the bottom thereof, and injecting all subsequently injected fluids via this conduit.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6 wherein the cement slurry is removed from the conduit in step (h) by reverse circulation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6 wherein the cement slurry is removed from the conduit in step (h) by injecting into the conduit a non-setting displacement fluid.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8 wherein the displacement fluid is water.

### Claim 10

Method for cementing casing in an offshore well completed under water comprising sequentially:
(a) drilling a borehole,
(b) positioning a drilling fluid in the borehole,
(c) positioning one or more connected sections of casing in the borehole,
(d) injecting into the casing, out the bottom thereof, up the annular space between the casing and the borehole and out into the surrounding water a slug of about 2 to 20 barrels of a black colored marker fluid comprising:
[1] 332 parts by weight cement slurry,
[2] about 17 to 175 parts by weight water,
[3] about 2.5 to 20 parts by weight particulate carbon black,
[4] about 2 to 15 parts by weight coal dust, and
[5] about 0.2 to 6 parts by weight surface active agent,
(e) injecting into the casing via the same route a cement slurry,
(f) observing the displaced fluid emerging into the surrounding water from the annular space,
(g) observing when the black colored marker fluid begins to emerge from the annular space,
(h) removing the cement slurry from the casing, and
(i) shutting in the well for sufficient time to allow the cement slurry to set.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein following the step of positioning the casing in the borehole, the steps of lowering a conduit into the casing and into fluid-tight engagement therewith near the bottom thereof, and injecting all subsequently injected fluids via this conduit.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the cement slurry comprises 69 parts by weight of an oil well cement selected from the group consisting of A.P.I. Class A, B, C, G or H cement and 10 to 35 parts by weight water.