# US 4,391,290 A · Altitude sensing control apparatus for a gas turbine engine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,391,290 A - Document ID: US4391290A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/200,221 - Filed: 1980-10-23 - Granted: 1983-07-05 - Earliest claimed: 1980-10-23 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Inventors: Raymond L. Williams - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391290A ## CPC - F01D 11/24: by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components - F02C 9/28: Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed (F02C9/30 - F02C9/38, F02C9/44 take precedence) - G01C 5/06: by using barometric means - F05D 2270/094: by using back-up controls - Y10T 137/2012: Pressure - Y10T 137/6579: Circulating fluid in heat exchange relationship - Y10T 137/8275: Indicator element rigidly carried by the movable element whose position is indicated - F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D) - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - G01C: MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring liquid level G01F; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effects, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract In one form of the invention, the control apparatus includes two stages: a poppet first stage and a piston second stage. The poppet first stage includes an altitude sensitive evacuated bellows coupled to a poppet valve. The second stage piston includes a pair of opposing head portions separated by a rod portion. The apparatus includes an output port which is coupled to a low pressure pneumatic signal or to a high pressure pneumatic signal, depending upon the position of the piston. For altitudes less than a predetermined altitude, e.g., 20,000 feet, the first stage develops a pneumatic servo signal which causes the piston to be in a first position which couples the output port of the apparatus to ambient air pressure. For altitudes greater than the predetermined altitude, the first stage develops a pneumatic servo signal which causes the piston to be in a second position which couples the output port of the apparatus to a high pressure pneumatic signal. The high pressure pneumatic signal may comprise the compressor discharge pressure of a gas turbine engine. Backup means is provided for accommodating failure of the bellows. Indicator and adjustment means are also provided for ensuring an accurate, reliable, and repeatable, control apparatus output signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Altitude sensing control apparatus for a gas turbine engine of the type including a compressor section which receives an input airflow and develops a pressurized output airflow, which comprises: (a) means coupled to ambient air for developing a first pneumatic signal representative of ambient air pressure; (b) means coupled to said compressor section for receiving a portion of said pressurized output airflow and developing a second pneumatic signal representative of said pressurized output airflow; and (c) pneumatic valve switching means for receiving said first and second pneumatic signals and developing a control apparatus pneumatic output signal in which said pneumatic valve switching means includes a first stage having a poppet valve for driving a second stage, including a drive piston, said piston being driven in a first direction for ambient air pressures greater than said predetermined value and being driven in a second opposing direction for ambient air pressures less than said predetermined value, said piston second stage including an output port, said pneumatic output signal at said output port comprising said first pneumatic signal when said piston is driven in the first direction and comprising said second pneumatic signal when said piston is driven in the second direction, said poppet valve being coupled to a bellows through a medially pivotable connecting link, said piston including a pair of opposing head portions separated by a rod portion and being sealingly located in said housing, a first region being defined between one of the opposing head portions of said piston and said housing, a second region being defined between said opposing head portions of said housing and a third region being defined between the other opposing head portion of said housing, wherein said second region is coupled to receive said second pneumatic signal, said first region is coupled to receive said first pneumatic signal, said third region is coupled through said poppet valve to a region in said housing at ambient air pressure, said one opposing head portion including a servo orifice therethrough coupling said second region to said third region with said third region developing a third pneumatic signal representative of a servo pressure for controlling the movement of said piston, wherein: (i) said pneumatic output signal comprises said first pneumatic signal for ambient air pressures greater than a predetermined value which is representative of a predetermined altitude, and (ii) said pneumatic output signal comprises said second pneumatic signal for ambient air pressures less than said predetermined value. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Altitude sensing control apparatus in accordance with claim 1 in which said output port is coupled to said first region when said piston is driven in the first direction and is coupled to said second region when said piston is driven in the second direction. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) Altitude sensing control apparatus in accordance with claim 2 which includes backup control means for ensuring predetermined operation of said piston second stage in the event of failure in said first stage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) Altitude sensing control apparatus in accordance with claim 3 in which said backup control means includes backup piston means coupled to receive said second pneumatic signal and to vent said third pneumatic signal out of said third region when said second pneumatic signal is greater than a predetermined value. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) Altitude sensing control apparatus in accordance with claim 2 which includes indicating means for indicating operability of said bellows. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) Altitude sensing control apparatus in accordance with claim 2 which includes indicating means for indicating operability of said drive piston.