# US 4,391,121 A · Orbital tool assembly for forming rivet heads > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,391,121 A - Document ID: US4391121A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/263,380 - Filed: 1981-05-13 - Granted: 1983-07-05 - Earliest claimed: 1981-05-13 - Assignees: T Systems Inc. - Inventors: V. Taruntaev - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4391121A ## CPC - B21J 15/12: with tools or tool parts having a movement additional to the feed movement, e.g. spin {(B21J15/027 takes precedence)} - B21J: FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES (rolling of metal B21B; making particular products by forging or pressing B21K; cladding or plating B23K; finishing surfaces by hammering B23P9/04; compacting surfaces by blasting with particulate material B24C1/10; general features of presses, presses for consolidating scrap B30B; furnaces in general F27) ## Abstract An orbital tool assembly for forming rivet heads has a housing attached to a driven member rotatable upon a first axis, the housing having a bore along a second axis at an acute angle to the first axis. A head having an axis coincident with the second axis and including a fluid pressure chamber is retained within the housing with bearings interposed. A coaxial driver on the head has a plurality of bores parallel to the second axis in communication with the pressure chamber, and mounts a reciprocal peening tool holder in each bore, supporting an axial peening tool. An anti-rotation arm at one end extends at right angles to the driver and is secured thereto with its other end engaging a bracket, the arm being free for rocking movements in a plane passing through the first and second axes. Rotation of the head oscillates the peening tools in the rocking plane, the peening tools being in operative engagement with unheaded rivets. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An orbital tool assembly for forming rivet heads comprising a housing adapted for an attachment to a driven member rotatable upon a first axis; said housing having a bore extending along a second axis inclined at an acute angle to said first axis; an elongated equalizing head having a longitudinal axis coincident with said second axis nested and retained within said housing; bearing means interposed between said head and housing for journalling said housing for rotation about said first axis relative to said head; said head having an axial bore defining a fluid pressure chamber open at one end; a cylindrical driver coaxial with and mounted upon said head projecting from said housing and having a plurality of longitudinal bores parallel to said second axis and communicating with said pressure chamber; a longitudinally reciprocal peening tool holder having an elongated bore movably mounted in each of said driver bores; each holder having a piston movable in said driver head bore and normally biased outward by pressurized fluid filling said head and driver bores on one side of said piston; an elongated peening tool mounted within each peening tool holder, at its outer end having a transverse rivet working surface, adapted for registry and operative engagement with an unheaded rivet projecting through a pair of parts upon a support to be secured together; an elongated anti-rotation arm extending at right angles to said driver and at one end mounted upon and secured thereto; and a bracket means upon a support retainingly engaging said arm at its opposite end against rotation, said arm being free for rocking movements in a plane passing through said axes; continuous rotation of said housing oscillating said head and peening tools in said plane over the ends of said rivets forming heads thereon. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said driven member forming part of a power tool; said bracket means support being connected to said power tool and depending therefrom. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, the angle between said first and second axes being in the range of 3 to 8 degrees. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, the angle between said first and second axes being 4 degrees approximately. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said head including a central spindle, a coaxial shank at one end thereof and a coaxial head portion at its other end, said spindle and head portion defining an annular radial support shoulder therebetween; said bearing means including longitudinally spaced radial and thrust bearings interposed between said housing and said spindle, shank and head member respectively, and retained within said housing; one of said bearings retainingly and supportably engaging said shoulder. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, a pressure fitting within and upon said head communicating with said pressure chamber adapted for connection to a source of fluid or oil under pressure for filing said pressure chamber and end portions of said driver bores adjacent said pistons. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said driver bores having a counter bore at one end defining a cylinder communicating with said pressure chamber and receiving said pistons respectively. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The tool assembly of claim 7, said peening tool holders reciprocating alternately within said driver bores; displaced pressure fluid from one cylinder transferring to the other cylinder, whereby the peening tools are continuously biased against said rivets during oscillations of said head. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said head and its axis oscillating in said plane from one extreme position on one side of said first axis to the opposite extreme position upon the other side of said first axis, said peening tool holders reciprocating alternately within said driver bores, displaced pressure fluid from one cylinder transferring to the other cylinder, whereby said peening tools are continuously biased against said rivets during oscillations of said head. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, there being communicating annular grooves in said driver outwardly of each driver bore, there being an elongated passage in said anti-rotation arm having an outlet and at its inner end communicating with said annular grooves; and a pressure fitting on said arm within said outlet adapted for connection to a source of fluid or oil under pressure for filling said annular grooves and lubricating said peening tool holders. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, the mounting of said anti-rotation arm including a transverse bore and an end slot within said arm defining a pair of spaced anchors; said bore snugly receiving said driver; and a fastener extending between said anchors for frictionally securing said arm upon said driver. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The tool assembly of claim 11, a snap ring nested within an annular recess in said driver and supportably engageable with said anti-rotation arm. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said bracket means including a roll on said support underlying the other end of said anti-rotation arm; and a pair of laterally spaced parallel pins secured to and depending from said other end of said arm guidably bearing against said opposite sides of said roll; said pins adapted for longitudinal movements relative to said roll during oscillations of said head. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, a magnet secured within each peening tool holder and in engaging securing registry with a peening tool therein. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The tool assembly of claim 1, said housing having a radial passage at one end communicating with its bore adapted to receive a lubricant for said bearings; and a removable plug in said housing nested within the other end of said radial passage. ### Claim 16 An orbital tool assembly for forming rivet heads comprising a housing adapted for an attachment to a driven member rotatable upon a first axis; said housing having a bore extending along a second axis inclined at an acute angle to said first axis; an elongated equalizing head having a longitudinal axis coincident with said second axis nested and retained within said housing; bearing means interposed between said head and housing for journalling said housing for rotation about said first axis relative to said head; said head having an axial bore defining a fluid pressure chamber open at one end; a cylindrical driver coaxial with and mounted upon said head projecting from said housing and having a plurality of longitudinal bores parallel to said second axis and communicating with said pressure chamber; an elongated peening tool mounted within each driver bore at its outer end having a transverse rivet working surface adapted for registry and operative engagement with an unheaded rivet projecting through a pair of parts upon a support to be secured together; each peening tool at its inner end having a piston movable in said driver head bore and normally biased outward by pressurized fluid filling said head and driver bores on one side of said piston; an elongated anti-rotation arm extending at right angles to said driver and at one end mounted upon said secured thereto; and a bracket means upon a support retainingly engaging said arm at its opposite end against rotation, said arm being free for rocking movements in a plane passing through said axes; continuous rotation of said housing oscillating said head and peening tools in said plane over the ends of said rivets forming heads thereon. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, said driven member forming part of a power tool; said bracket means support being connected to said power tool and depending therefrom. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, the angle between said first and second axes being in the range of 3 to 8 degrees. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, the angle between said first and second axes being 4 degrees approximately. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, said head including a central spindle, a coaxial shank at one end thereof and a coaxial head portion at its other end, said spindle and head portion defining an annular radial support shoulder therebetween; said bearing means including longitudinally spaced radial and thrust bearings interposed between said housing and said spindle, shank and head member respectively, and retained within said housing; one of said bearings retainingly and supportably engaging said shoulder. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, a pressure fitting within and upon said head communicating with said pressure chamber adapted for connection to a source of fluid or oil under pressure for filing said pressure chamber and end portions of said driver bores adjacent said pistons. ### Claim 22 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, said driver bores having a counter bore at one end defining a cylinder communicating with said pressure chamber and receiving said pistons respectively. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The tool assembly of claim 22, said peening tools reciprocating alternately within said driver bores; displaced pressure fluid from one cylinder transferring to the other cylinder, whereby said peening tools are continuously biased against said rivets during oscillations of said head. ### Claim 24 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, said head and its axis oscillating in said plane from one extreme position on one side of said first axis to the opposite extreme position upon the other side of said first axis, said peening tools reciprocating alternately within said driver bores, displaced pressure fluid from one cylinder transferring to the other cylinder, whereby said peening tools are continuously biased against said rivets during oscillations of said head. ### Claim 25 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, the mounting of said anti-rotation arm including a transverse bore and an end slot within said arm defining a pair of spaced anchors; said bore snugly receiving said driver; and a fastener extending between said anchors for frictionally securing said arm upon said driver. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The tool assembly of claim 25, a snap ring nested within an annular recess in said driver and supportably engageable with said anti-rotation arm. ### Claim 27 (depends on 16) The tool assembly of claim 16, said bracket means including a roll on said support underlying the other end of said anti-rotation arm; and a pair of laterally spaced parallel pins secured to and depending from said other end of said arm guidably bearing against said opposite sides of said roll; said pins adapted for longitudinal movements relative to said roll during oscillations of said head.