Hydraulically actuated total cardiac prosthesis with reversible pump and three-way ventricular valving

An implantable hydraulically actuated total cardiac prosthesis comprising:

• a pair of blood pumping chambers each having a blood inlet, a blood outlet and a flexible portion;
• a pair of actuation chambers each adapted to contain actuation fluid, one of said actuation chambers being operatively associated with one of said blood pumping chambers and the other of said actuation chambers being operatively associated with the other of said blood pumping chambers to cause displacement of the flexible portion of said blood pumping chambers in response to changes in volume of actuation fluid in their associated actuation chambers;
• an actuation fluid reservoir;
• actuation fluid pumping means in fluid communication with said reservoir for pumping actuation fluid therefrom;
• three-way valve means associated with one of said actuation chambers, said valve means being in fluid communication with its associated actuation chamber, said pumping means and said reservoir, and being adapted to alternately and repetitively direct actuation fluid from said pumping means to its associated actuation chamber and then from its associated actuation chamber to said reservoir;
• and
• reversible pump means in fluid communication with the other actuation chamber and said reservoir for alternately and repetitively directing actuation fluid from said reservoir to its associated actuation chamber, and then from its associated actuation chamber to said reservoir.