# US 4,376,292 A · Apparatus for erasing and reproducing audio signals

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- Number: US 4,376,292 A
- Document ID: US4376292A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 06/161,960
- Filed: 1980-06-23
- Granted: 1983-03-08
- Earliest claimed: 1979-07-03
- Assignees: U.S. Philips Corporation
- Inventors: Georges M. A. Mignolet
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4376292A

## CPC

- G06G 7/186: using an operational amplifier comprising a capacitor or a resistor in the feedback loop
- G11B 5/024: Erasing
- G06G: ANALOGUE COMPUTERS (analogue optical computing devices G06E3/00)
- G11B: INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER (recording measured values in a way that does not require playback through a transducer G01D9/00; recording or playback apparatus using mechanically marked tape, e.g. punched paper tape, or using unit records, e.g. punched or magnetically marked cards G06K; transferring data from one type of record carrier to another G06K1/18; circuits for coupling output of reproducer to radio receiver H04B1/20; gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers or circuits therefor H04R)

## Abstract

A passage of a previously recorded audio signal is erased from a magnetic tape such that a substantially linear decrease or increase of the sound level is perceived by the operator when the signal is reproduced by a reproducing head. The erase current is increased as a function of time from a minimum to a maximum amplitude, sequentially, through three ranges, and decreased in reverse order. The slopes of current versus time within the first and third ranges have a value substantially greater than the slope within the second range.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for reproducing audio signals recorded on a magnetic recording medium, which comprises:
a head for reproducing the audio signals;
a head for erasing the audio signals;
means associated with said erasing head for providing relative motion of the medium past said erasing head, and
erase current generator means electrically connected to said erasing head for applying an erase current to said erasing head, said generator means including means for switching said generator means on and off such that, after switching on, said generator means applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude increases as a first function of time and, after switching off, applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude decreases as a second function of time, at least one of said functions of time having first, second and third sequential ranges, in each of said ranges the current having a respective slope as a function of time, which slope is determined primarily by respective first, second and third time constants, said first and third time constants each being substantially greater than the second time constant.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least the boundary between the first and second ranges as well as the ratio of the values of the first and second constants are selected such that, upon reproduction of an audio signal erased by said generator means, the amplitude of the reproduced signal varies substantially in accordance with a single logarithmic function of time.

### Claim 3

A device for erasing a passage of audio signals recorded on a magnetic recording medium, which comprises:
a head for erasing the audio signals;
means associated with said erasing head for providing relative motion of the medium past said erasing head, and
erase current generator means electrically connected to said erasing head for applying an erase current to said erasing head, said generator means including means for switching said generator means on and off such that, after switching on, said generator means applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude increases as a function of time and, after switching off, applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude decreases as a function of time,
characterized in that said generator means includes means for producing an erase current whose amplitude, after switching on,
(1) increases from a minimum to a maximum amplitude sequentially through a first range, a second range and a third range and,
(2) after switching off, decreases through said ranges in reverse order from the maximum to the minimum amplitude,
(3) has a slope as a function of time, which slope, in said first range, is determined primarily by a first constant; in said second range, is determined primarily by a second constant; in said third range, is determined primarily by a third constant;
(4) the first and third constants each have a value substantially greater than the second constant.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least the boundary between the first and the second ranges as well as the ratio of the values of the first and the second constants being selected such that, upon reproduction of an audio signal erased by said generator means, the amplitude of the reproduced signal varies substantially in accordance with a single logarithmic function of time.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3, 4)

A device as claimed in claims 3 or 4, wherein said ranges are ranges of current.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3, 4)

A device as claimed in claims 3 or 4, wherein said switching means includes means for generating a control signal and said current producing means includes:
an integrator electrically connected to said control means, for integrating the control signal supplied by said control means and for producing a time dependent output signal;
a signal-dependent network electrically connected to said integrator for defining the integration constant of said integrator such that the integrator output signal corresponds to said first, second and third ranges, and
an oscillator associated with said integrator and with said erasing head for applying to said erasing head the erase current whose amplitude is controlled by the integrator output signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

A device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said integrator includes an amplifier having an output circuit and an input circuit, and feedback means for providing negative feedback to said amplifier, said feedback means includes a resistor and a capacitor connected in series between said amplifier output circuit and said input circuit, and said signal-dependent network includes:
a first diode and a second diode;
means for connecting said first diode to said feedback means;
means for connecting said second diode with opposite polarity to said feedback means, and
a resistive network for generating reference voltages coupled to said first and to said second diodes.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said resistive network is arranged such that, during said first range, said first diode is conductive and said second diode is non-conductive; during said second range, said first and said second diodes are non-conductive; and during said third range, said second diode is conductive and said first diode is non-conductive.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

A device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said control means comprises:
a charging resistor having a first end coupled to said amplifier input circuit, and a second end;
a direct current voltage source having both negative and positive polarity nodes, and
a control switch coupled to said source nodes and to said amplifier, said switch having at least a first position and a second position such that said switch connects said amplifier to the negative and positive polarity nodes, respectively, in the first and the second positions of said switch.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

A device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said amplifier includes an input transistor having an emitter electrode connected to a common point and having a base electrode connected to said amplifier input circuit, and
said control means comprises:
a control switch having a first terminal connected to ground, and a second terminal;
a source of potential of a polarity which, when applied to the base of said input transistor, causes said transistor to conduct, said source being connected to said second terminal, and
a charging resistor connected between said second terminal and the amplifier input circuit.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

A device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said source of potential comprises a connection between said resistive network and said second terminal, and at least one diode connected in parallel with said switch and of a polarity such that the diode is conductive when said switch is open.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9, 11)

A device as claimed in claims 9 or 11, wherein said charging resistor is a variable resistor.

### Claim 13

An apparatus for reproducing audio signals recorded on a magnetic recording medium, which comprises:
a head for reproducing the audio signals;
a head for erasing the audio signals
means associated with said erasing head for providing relative motion of the medium past said erasing head, and
erase current generator means electrically connected to said erasing head for applying an erase current to said erasing head, said generator means including means for switching said generator means on and off such that, after switching on, said generator means applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude increases as a function of time and, after switching off, applies to said erasing head a current whose amplitude decreases as a function of time,
characterized in that said generator means includes means for producing an erase current whose amplitude, after switching on,
(1) increases from a minimum to a maximum amplitude sequentially through a first range, a second range and a third range and,
(2) after switching off, decreases through said ranges in reverse order from the maximum to the minimum amplitude,
(3) has a slope as a function of time, which slope, in said first range, is determined primarily by a first constant; in said second range, is determined primarily by a second constant; in said third range, is determined primarily by a third constant;
(4) the first and third constants each have a value substantially greater than the second constant, at least the boundary between the first and the second ranges as well as the ratio of the values of the first and the second constants being selected such that, upon reproduction of an audio signal erased by said generator means, the amplitude of the reproduced signal varies substantially in accordance with a single logarithmic function of time.