# US 4,375,505 A · Fuser member > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,375,505 A - Document ID: US4375505A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/313,871 - Filed: 1981-10-22 - Granted: 1983-03-01 - Earliest claimed: 1981-10-22 - Assignees: Eastman Kodak Company - Inventors: James S. Newkirk - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4375505A ## CPC - G03G 15/2057: {relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof} - G03G 2215/2016: Heating belt - G03G 2215/2032: the belt further entrained around additional rotating belt support members - Y10T 428/24942: including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree - Y10T 428/31544: Addition polymer is perhalogenated - Y10T 428/31663: As siloxane, silicone or silane - Y10T 428/31667: Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers, or aldehyde or ketone condensation product - G03G: ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract A fuser member has a composite layer including (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material comprising elastomeric fluoropolymer which is a crosslinked polymer having repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with the first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material. Methods of making the fuser member by a spray technique and of using the fuser member to fuse toner images to a receiver are also disclosed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 The method of forming a member for fusing toner images to a receiver, comprising: spraying a base member with a first material which is an elastomer; after a layer of the first material has been formed continuing to spray said first material while spraying a gradually varying proportion of a second material with said first material until only said second material is sprayed; and continuing to spray said second material only to form a layer of said second material: wherein said second material is an elastomeric fluoropolymer being a crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 including continuing to spray said second material while simultaneously spraying a gradually varying proportion of a third material which prevents offset of toner thereto; and continuing to spray only said third material to form a layer thereof which contacts a toner image to be fused to a receiver. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said first material is a high-temperature resistant elastomer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1, 2) The method of claims 1, 2, or 3 wherein said first material is a silicone elastomer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2 wherein said first and third materials comprise silicone elastomer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1, 2) The method of claims 1 or 2 wherein said member comprises a roller and includes rotating said roller while spraying said materials thereon. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said second material is sprayed in a gradually increasing proportion of said second material to said first material until only said second material is sprayed. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The method of claims 1, 2, 3, or 5 including curing said member after completion of said spraying of said materials. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1, 2, 3) The method of claims 1, 2, 3, or 5 wherein prior to spraying said first and second elastomer materials are respectively dissolved in the same solvent or in solvents in which both elastomers are soluble. ### Claim 10 A member for fusing toner images to a receiver comprising: a composite layer including: (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material which is an elastomeric fluoropolymer having a crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with said first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The member of claim 10 wherein said first material is a high-temperature resistant elastomer. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10, 11) The member of claims 10 or 11 wherein said first material is a silicone elastomer. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The member of claim 10 wherein said composite layer includes a third layer of a third material which prevents offset of toner thereto and a layer intermediate to and continuous with said second and third layers in which the proportion of the second material to the third material gradually varies from substantially only the second material to substantially only the third material. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The member of claim 13 wherein said toner offset preventing material is a silicone elastomer. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The member of claim 10 wherein the thickness of said first layer is substantially greater than the thickness of said second layer. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The member of claim 10 wherein the proportion of the first material to the second material in said intermediate layer gradually increases from substantially none of said second material to substantially all of said second material. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10, 11, 13, 14) The member of claims 10, 11, 13, 14, or 15 wherein said member has been cured. ### Claim 18 A fuser roller for fusing toner images to a receiver comprising: a cylindrical core; a composite layer on said core including: (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material which is resistant to absorption of fuser oil and which is an elastomeric fluoropolymer having a crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with said first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The roller of claim 18 including a second roller forming a nip with said first roller through which is passed a receiver carrying at least one toner image to be fused by said rollers. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The roller of claim 18 wherein said core comprises a cylindrical shell of heat conductive or heat transmissive material and including a source of heat located with said shell. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The roller of claim 18 wherein said first material is a high-temperature resistant elastomer. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18, 19, 20, 21) The roller of claims 18, 19, 20 or 21 wherein said first material is a silicone elastomer. ### Claim 23 (depends on 18) The roller of claim 18 wherein said composite layer includes a third layer of a third material which is an elastomer which prevents offset of toner thereto and a layer intermediate to and continuous with said second and third layers in which the proportion of the second material to the third material gradually varies from substantially only the second material to substantially only the third material. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The roller of claim 23 wherein said first and third materials are silicone elastomers. ### Claim 25 (depends on 18) The roller of claim 18 wherein the proportion of the first material to the second material in said intermediate layer gradually increases from substantially none of said second material to substantially all of said second material. ### Claim 26 The method of fusing a heat-softenable toner image to a receiver which comprises pressure contacting a heat-softenable toner image carried by a receiver with a fusing member at a temperature effective to fuse said toner image to said receiver member, said fuser member having a composite layer including: (1) a first layer of a first material which is a high-temperature resistant elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material which is a high-temperature resistant elastomer which is an elastomeric fluoropolymer having a crosslinked polymer comprising repeating units of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with said first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only said first material to substantially only said second material.