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AssigneeExxon Research & Engineering Co.
InventorsRussell R. Chianelli, Theresa A. Pecoraro, Martin B. Dines
Estimating the term…
In processes for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstream containing organic sulfur comprising contacting said feedstream with a catalyst for a time at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect the desired catalytic change on the feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered composition of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and uranium, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof, y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3. The catalyst is prepared by reacting neat or in the presence of a nonaqueous solvent a Group IVb to VIIb or uranium metal salt, and a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, and mixing the reactants at temperatures below 400.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressures. The catalyst may be isolated by filtration and washing with excess solvent (when one is used) or by vacuum pumping any volatile coproduced anion salt. Preferably the chalcogenide is sulfur and y is about 1.5 to about 2. The catalytic processes which are benefited by the use therein of the above-described compositions are hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydroconversion and hydrogenation run in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent.
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feed streams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the groups consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub. 20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 .degree. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MXy wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb transition metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78.degree. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
In a process for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodesulfurization of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X, wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78.degree. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
In a process for the hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrodenitrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, and VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt with a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reacting being conducted at a temperature of from -78 .degree. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
In a process for the hydrogenation in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstream, the improvement comprising using as a catalyst a layered material of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb,Vb, VIb,VIIb metals, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting in the presence of a nonaqueous, aprotic solvent a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub. 1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group, and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78.degree. to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
In a process for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstreams wherein said hydrocarbon feedstreams are contacted with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure and in the presence of hydrogen or a hydrogen donor solvent and under conditions sufficient to effect the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstreams, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered material of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb metals X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof and y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3 which material is prepared by reacting neat a Group IVb to VIIb metal salt, with a source of sulfide, selenide, or telluride ions, said source being selected from the group consisting of Li.sub.2 X, Na.sub.2 X, K.sub.2 X, NaHX, LiHX, KHX, (NH.sub.4)HX, (NH.sub.4).sub.2 X, (RNH.sub.3).sub.2 X, (RR'NH.sub.2).sub.2 X, (RR'R"NH).sub.2 X wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl group and X is the chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium and mixtures thereof, said reaction being conducted at a temperature of from -78 to 400.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.