# US 4,355,397 A · Full duplex communication system for voice grade channels > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 4,355,397 A - Document ID: US4355397A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 06/197,038 - Filed: 1980-10-15 - Granted: 1982-10-19 - Earliest claimed: 1980-10-15 - Assignees: Rixon, Inc. - Inventors: Richard L. Stuart - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US4355397A ## CPC - H04L 27/362: {Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated (H04L27/366 takes precedence)} - H04L 5/143: {for modulated signals (H04L5/1469 takes precedence)} - H04L 25/4925: {using balanced bipolar ternary codes} - H04L 27/3827: {in which the carrier is recovered using only the demodulated baseband signals} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A pair of full duplex modems (12, 14), each at one end of a two-wire voice grade telephone channel (16), simultaneously transmit synchronous data at high speeds in both directions. In each modem, the simultaneous transmission and reception are accomplished by frequency division. The high speed operation is obtained by odd/even bit stream division and full response binary to ternary level coding coupled with nine level quadrature amplitude modulation and correction framing techniques. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Apparatus for modulating and demodulating a signal comprising: transmitter means comprising: means for splitting a series of input binary data bits into an even bit stream and an odd bit stream; means for converting said binary data bit streams into respective streams of multi-level encoded data characters; means for modulating one of said multi-level encoded data character streams by an in-phase carrier signal; means for modulating the other said multi-level encoded data character stream by a quadrature carrier signal; and means for summing said modulated carrier signals to produce a multi-level quadrature amplitude modulated output signal; and receiver means comprising: means for splitting a received multi-level quadrature amplitude modulated signal into n-phase and quadrature components; means for demodulating said in-phase and quadrature signal components to produce first and second streams of multi-level encoded data characters; means for decoding said first and second streams of multi-level characters into respective streams of binary data bits; and means for combining said binary data bit streams to produce an output data bit stream representative of the information borne by said multi-level quadrature amplitude modulated signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said converter means comprises means for converting a group of N binary digits into two band N-level encoded characters and wherein said decoder means comprises means for converting said two band N-level encoded characters into groups of N binary digits. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein N=3. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said modulator means comprises means for generating an in-phase carrier signal and a quadrature carrier signal, means for multiplying one of said multi-level encoded character streams by said in-phase carrier signal, and means for multiplying the other said multi-level encoded character stream by said quadrature carrier signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further including means for limiting the bandwidth of the outputs of said converter means. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further including means for equalizing said in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal before being demodulated. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said equalizing means is an automatic adaptive transversal equalizer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said demodulator means comprises means for generating in-phase and quadrature demodulator signals, means for multiplying said in-phase received signal by said in-phase demodulator signal, and means for multiplying said quadrature received signal by said quadrature demodulator signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further including means for filtering carrier related components from the outputs of said demodulator means. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further including means responsive to the outputs of said demodulator means for determining the levels of said demodulated multi-level encoded signals and for outputting a signal indicative thereof to said decoder means. ### Claim 11 A full response QAM modulator and demodulator system comprising: transmitter means comprising: means for splitting a series of input binary data bits into two data bit streams; means for converting said binary data bit streams into respective streams of ternary level encoded data characters; means for modulating one of said ternary level encoded data character streams by an in-phase carrier signal; means for modulating the other said ternary level encoded data character stream by a quadrature carrier signal; and means for summing said modulated carrier signals to produce a 3.times.3 QAM output signal; and receiver means comprising: means for splitting a received 3.times.3 QAM signal into in-phase and quadrature components; means for demodulating said in-phase and quadrature signal components to produce first and second streams of ternary encoded data characters; means for decoding said first and second streams of demodulated ternary data characters into respective streams of binary data bits; and means for combining said binary data bit streams to produce an output data bit stream representative of the information borne by said 3.times.3 QAM signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said binary data bits of said transmitter means are split into a stream of even bits and a stream of odd bits. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said converter means comprises means for converting serial groups of three binary bits into two band ternary level encoded characters and wherein said decoder means comprises means for converting serial groups of two band ternary level encoded characters into groups of three binary digits. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 wherein one of said two band ternary level encoded data characters is used as a framing character. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said modulator means comprises means for generating an in-phase carrier signal and a quadrature carrier signal, means for multiplying one of said ternary encoded character streams by said in-phase carrier signal, and means for multiplying the other said ternary encoded character stream by said quadrature carrier signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 further including means for limiting the bandwidth of the outputs of said converter means. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 further including means for equalizing said in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal before being demodulated. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said equalizing means is an automatic adaptive transversal equalizer. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said demodulator means comprises means for generating in-phase and quadrature demodulator signals, means for multiplying said in-phase received signal by said in-phase demodulator signal, and means for multiplying said quadrature received signal by said quadrature demodulator signal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 further including means for filtering carrier related components from the outputs of said demodulator means. ### Claim 21 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 further including means responsive to the outputs of said demodulator means for determining the levels of said demodulated ternary level encoded characters and for outputting a signal indicative thereof to said decoder means. ### Claim 22 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11 further including means for duplexing said transmitted and received QAM signals along a two-wire line. ### Claim 23 (depends on 11, 22) The apparatus of either claim 11 or claim 22 wherein a 3.times.3 QAM signal is transmitted at a frequency f.sub.1 and received at a frequency f.sub.2, the frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 being so separated and each said signal having a bandwidth such that the sidebands of said transmitted and received signals do not overlap, the apparatus further including means for injecting a guard tone between said sidebands. ### Claim 24 A method of modulating and demodulating an information bearing signal, the method of modulating the signal comprising the steps of: splitting a series of input binary data bits into two data bit streams; converting said binary data bit streams into respective streams of ternary level encoded data characters; modulating one of said ternary level encoded data character streams by an in-phase carrier signal; modulating the other said ternary level encoded data character stream by a quadrature carrier signal; and summing said modulated carrier signals to produce a 3.times.3 QAM output signal; and the method of demodulating the signal comprising the steps of: splitting a received 3.times.3 QAM signal into in-phase and quadrature components, demodulating said in-phase and quadrature signal components to produce first and second streams of ternary encoded data characters; decoding said first and second streams of demodulated ternary data characters into respective streams of binary data bits; and combining said binary data bit streams to produce an output data bit stream representative of the information borne by said 3.times.3 QAM signal. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 wherein said input binary data bits are split into a stream of even bits and a stream of odd bits. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25 wherein said conversion step comprises converting serial groups of three binary bits into two band ternary level encoded characters and wherein said decoding step comprises converting serial groups of two band ternary level encoded characters into groups of three binary digits. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26 wherein one of said two band ternary level encoded data characters is used as a framing character. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 wherein said modulation steps comprise the steps of generating an in-phase carrier signal and a quadrature carrier signal, multiplying one of said ternary encoded character streams by said in-phase carrier signal, and multiplying the other said ternary encoded character stream by said quadrature carrier signal. ### Claim 29 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 further including the step of limiting the bandwidth of said ternary encoded data characters. ### Claim 30 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 further including the steps of equalizing said in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal before being demodulated. ### Claim 31 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 wherein said demodulation step comprises the steps of generating in-phase and quadrature demodulator signals, multiplying said in-phase received signal by said in-phase demodulator signal, and multiplying said quadrature received signal by said quadrature demodulator signal. ### Claim 32 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 further including the step of filtering carrier related components from the demodulated output signals. ### Claim 33 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24 further including the step of duplexing said transmitted and received QAM signals along a two-wire line. ### Claim 34 (depends on 24, 33) The method of either claim 24 or 33 wherein a 3.times.3 QAM signal is transmitted at a frequency f.sub.1 and received at a frequency of f.sub.2, the frequencies f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 being so separated and each said signal having a bandwidth such that the sidebands of said transmitted and received signals do not overlap. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34 further including the step of injecting a guard tone between said sidebands.