Multiple windings electrical machines

An improved multiple windings electrical machine for converting between electrical and mechanical energy wherein said machine comprises an armature adapted for movement within the machine, a stator disposed adjacent the armature, said stator comprising a stator yoke and an integral number of stator pole pairs coupled to said stator yoke, the stator poles arranged in a side-by-side fashion in the direction of armature movement, adjacent stator poles being energized with opposite polarity magnetomotive force, the stator pole pairs being located adjacent the armature defining thereby an air gap therebetween, a plurality of open circuit armature windings disposed in the direction of armature movement, a commutator located on the armature coprising a plurality of segments disposed singularly in the direction of armature movement and arranged in pairs with corresponding segments one stator pole pitch apart, each segment of a pair coupled to a corresponding open end of a respective one of the open circuit armature windings, a plurality of brushes arranged in first and second groups per stator pole pair and said brushes being singularly disposed within each group in the direction of armature movement, the first brushes group containing one or more brushes, the second brushes group containing one or more brushes, said groups being singularly disposed and alternating first and second in the direction of armature movement, each brush of a group for contacting a portion of said commutator and said portion including no less than one commutator segment as the armature moves relative to the stator, and wherein, as the armature moves relative to the stator, certain ones of said commutator segments come out of contact with said brushes whereby respective ones of the open circuit armature windings become electrically isolated from said brushes, electrical terminal means coupled to said machine and adapted for receiving electrical energy for the machine and for delivering electrical energy from the machine, said machine including means for causing electrical current to flow in open circuit armature windings whose respective commutator segment pairs are contacted by a first brushes group brush on one segment and a second brushes group brush on the corresponding segment and wherein said current flow in the open circuit armature windings is interrupted as the respective commutator segments move out of contact with said brushes and producing thereby induced voltage between the two commutator segments of pairs coupled to said interrupted open circuit armature windings, and means for disposing of said interrupted armature windings electromagnetic energy, wherein the improvement comprises:

• multiple stator windings per stator pole pair energizing stator poles wherein each winding includes a plurality of portions with two portions in individual series connections with positionally related individual pairs of first and second brushes group brushes, wherein the first portion winding is connected to a first brushes group brush and the second portion winding is connected to the second brushes group brush of said pair which second brushes group brush corresponds with said first brushes group brush by being in the same stator pole pair brush groups and by being one stator pole pitch removed, which series connections are energized by the same current flow as the open circuit armatue windings, and which armature windings move with the armature and commutator with respect to said brushes and stator to convert between mechanical and electrical energy using the positional relationship between individual stator windings and individual armature windings established by the group brush pair positions when each group brush-contacted portion of the commutator includes at least one commutator segment, and which additionally allows adjusting currents to flow between adjacent commutator segments when each group brush-contacted portion of the commutator includes no less than two adjacent commutator segments, and which thereby achieves energy recovery and energy re-distribution when adjusting currents are interrupted as the respective commutator segments move to reduce to no less than one the number of commutator segments in each group brush-contacted portion of the commutator.

An improved multiple windings electrical machine for converting between electrical and mechanical energy wherein said machine comprises an armature adapted for movement within the machine, a stator disposed adjacent the armature, said stator comprising a stator yoke and an integral number of stator pole pairs coupled to said stator yoke, the stator poles arranged in a side-by-side fashion in the direction of armature movement, adjacent stator poles being energized with opposite polarity magnetomotive force, the stator pole pairs being located adjacent the armature defining thereby an air gap therebetween, a plurality of open circuit armature windings disposed in the direction of armature movement, a commutator located on the armature comprising a plurality of segments disposed singularly in the direction of armature movement and arranged in pairs with corresponding segments one stator pole pitch apart, each segment of a pair coupled to a corresponding open end of a respective one of the open circuit armature windings, a plurality of brushes arranged in first and second groups per stator pole pair and said brushes being singularly disposed within each group in the direction of armature movement, the first brushes group containing one or more brushes, the second brushes group containing one or more brushes, said groups being singularly disposed and alternating first and second in the direction of armature movement, each brush of a group for contacting a portion of said commutator and said portion including no less than one commutator segment as the armature moves relative to the stator, and wherein, as the armature moves relative to the stator, certain ones of said commutator segments come out of contact with said brushes whereby respective ones of the open circuit armature windings become electrically isolated from said brushes, electrical terminal means coupled to said machine and adapted for receiving electrical energy for the machine and for delivering electrical energy from the machine, said machine including means for causing electrical current to flow in open circuit armature windings whose respective commutator segment pairs are contacted by a first brushes group brush on one segment and a second brushes group brush on the corresponding segment and wherein said current flow in the open circuit armature windings is interrupted as the respective commutator segments move out of contact with said brushes and producing thereby induced voltage between the two commutator segments of pairs coupled to said interrupted open circuit armature windings, and means for disposing of said interrupted armature windings electromagnetic energy, wherein the improvement comprises:

• the open circuit armature windings overlapping within one stator pole pair with active edges of each winding spaced one stator pole pitch apart, and with coupled commutator segment pairs being contacted by brushes in both first and second brushes groups per stator pole pair, and, as the armature moves, one segment of each segment pair per stator pole pair is regularly contacted by adjacent brush groups in adjacent stator pole pairs, thereby causing armature electromagnetic poles to be regularly incremented contrary to the armature movement, and the improved machine to regularly convert between electrical and mechanical energy.

An improved multiple windings electrical machine for converting between electrical and mechanical energy wherein said machine comprises an armature adapted for movement within the machine, a stator disposed ajacent the armature, said stator comprising a stator yoke and an integral number of stator pole pairs coupled to said stator yoke, the stator poles arranged in a side-by-side fashion in the direction of armature movement, adjacent stator poles being energized with opposite polarity magnetomotive force, the stator pole pairs being located adjacent the armature defining thereby an air gap therebetween, a plurality of open circuit armature windings disposed in the direction of armature movement, a commutator located on the armature comprising a plurality of segments disposed singularly in the direction of armature movement and arranged in pairs with corresponding segments one stator pole pitch apart, each segment of a pair coupled to a corresponding open end of a respective one of the open circuit armature windings, a plurality of brushes arranged in first and second groups per stator pole pair and said brushes being singularly disposed within each group in the direction of armature movement, the first brushes group containing one or more brushes, the second brushes group containing one or more brushes, said groups being singularly disposed and alternating first and second in the direction of armature movement, each brush of a group for contacting a portion of said commutator and said portion including no less than one commutator segment as the armature moves relative to the stator, and wherein, as the armature moves relative to the stator, certain ones of said commutator segments come out of contact with said brushes whereby respective ones of the open circuit armature windings become electrically isolated from said brushes, electrical terminal means coupled to said machine and adapted for receiving electrical energy for the machine and for delivering electrical energy from the machine, said machine including means for causing electrical current to flow in open circuit armature windings whose respective commutator segment pairs are contacted by a first brushes group brush on one segment and a second brushes group brush on the corresponding segment and wherein said current flow in the open circuit armature windings is interrupted as the respective commutator segments move out of contact with said brushes and producing thereby induced voltage between the two commutator segments of pairs coupled to said interrupted open circuit armature windings, and means for disposing of said interrupted armature windings electromagnetic energy, wherein the improvement comprises:

• that the portion of said commutator contacted by first and second brushes group brushes includes all the commutator segments less one segment pair per stator pole pair, thereby increasing conducting paths available between the armature and the stator and facilitating the transfer of electrical current between said brushes and said commutator segments.