Shaping glass sheets by drop forming with improved sag control

#This invention relates to the bending of sheets of thermoplastic material, especially glass. Many techniques for bending glass sheets are known. Perhaps the simplest technique is to heat a glass sheet while supported on a contoured mold and to permit the glass sheet to sag into conformity with the mold. However, it is often desirable to speed the process by applying a mechanical bending force such as by pressing the glass between a pair of contoured molds.

#A particularly advantageous press bending process is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,104 to S. L. Seymour wherein a horizontally oriented glass sheet is heated and lifted by a lower bending mold into contact with an upper bending mold where it is retained by vacuum while the lower bending mold retracts. Then a tempering ring receives the bent glass sheet and conveys it from the bending station into a tempering station. That arrangement is especially advantageous in that it provides contoured support for the bent glass sheet during the tempering step and frees the bending station for initiating the next bending cycle while tempering of the first glass sheet is being carried out. A drawback to such an arrangement is that three major components of the apparatus, the upper and lower forming molds and the tempering ring, must all be custom fabricated for each different shape produced on such a bending and tempering line. It would be desirable not only to reduce the cost of fabricating these elements with each shape change, but also to reduce the down time of the bending and tempering line necessitated by the installation of these elements with each product change.

#In U.S. Pat. No. 3,713,799 to H. A. McMaster, a similar arrangement is disclosed, but in which the lower shaping mold serves to carry the bent glass sheet into the tempering station, thus delaying the commencement of the next bending cycle until the lower bending ring deposits the glass sheet in the tempering station and returns to the bending station. Likewise, in this arrangement a product change requires a major retooling of the bending station since the upper and lower forming molds as well as the gas support block into which the lower forming mold recesses, all must conform to the shape of the glass sheets being processed. A similar arrangement in U.S. Pat. No. 3,573,889 to H. A. McMaster et al. has the same drawback.

#In FIG. 1 there is shown a bending and tempering line including a furnace 10 (only the exit end of which is shown), a bending station 11, a tempering station 12, and an unloading station 13. The furnace, tempering station, and unloading station form no part of the present invention, and the description of a specific embodiment herein is for the purpose of illustration only. Any arrangement known in the art for heating and tempering a series of horizontally disposed glass sheets may be employed in connection with the bending process of the present invention. Accordingly, only a brief description of the furnace, tempering station and unloading station will be set forth here. Additional details regarding these aspects of the overall bending and tempering line may be obtained from U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,104 (Seymour), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

#Furnace 10 is preferably of the gas support type wherein the sheets of glass are supported on a layer of hot gases as they are heated and conveyed through the furnace. Examples of gas support furnaces for heating glass sheets may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,223,501 to Fredley et al. and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,759 to McMaster et al. In the cut-away portion of the furnace in FIG. 1 it can be seen that the gas support bed is defined by a hearth block 21 through which a large number of vertical bores extend, some of which communicate the upper surface of the hearth block with hot, pressurized gases from a plenum chamber 22 and others of which communicate the top surface of the hearth block with cross-bored exhaust passages 23. The same hearth block construction continues beyond the furnace exit to an extension 24 and a support block 25 in the bending zone. Greater detail of the hearth block construction may be found in the cross-sectional view of support block 25 in FIG. 3. There, it can be seen that vertical bores 26 extend completely through the block and that bores 27 extend from the surface to the horizontally extending exhaust passages 23.

#Referring again now to FIG. 1, there is shown one typical arrangement for propelling the glass sheets through the furnace as they are supported on a film of hot gases. The conveying mechanism there comprises a pair of parallel, endless chains 30 flanking the path of the glass sheets inside the furnace and joined by a plurality of pusher bars 31. At the exit of the furnace, each glass sheet may be released from the chain conveying means and driven at an accelerated speed across the extension block 24 and into the bending station by means of a take-out roll 32 and an aligning roll 33. Passage of the glass sheets from the furnace may be aided by providing the hearth blocks 21, 24, and 25 with a slight downward slope (e.g., 1 degree to 2 degrees). Typically, sufficient gas pressure is maintained between the hearth blocks and the glass sheets so as to float the glass sheets about 1/16 inch (1.6 millimeters) above the upper surface of the hearth blocks. Take-out roll 32 and aligning roll 33 project above the upper surface of the hearth blocks just enough to make contact with the undersides of the glass sheets.