Holographic diffraction grating system for rapid scan spectral analysis

Optical apparatus for analyzing a sample comprising a filament lamp having a filament, reflector means for producing a real image of said filament in adjacent axial alignment therewith to form a composite image object of a filament of increased length, a diffraction grating operable to disperse impinging radiation into narrow bandwidth components, an entrance slit for said grating positioned to pass the light passing through said entrance slit to be projected onto said grating, and means to focus an image of the composite image object of said filament on said entrance slit to fill said entrance slit with light.

Optical apparatus for analyzing sample comprising a grating, means to project light radiation on said grating, means to oscillate said grating, an exit slit positioned to receive the light dispersed by said grating as said grating oscillates, a cylindrical lens positioned in the path of the light passing through said exit slit to produce a virtual image of the width of said exit slit on said grating, means for positioning a sample to be analyzed, optical means to focus from the radiation passing through said cylindrical lens a real image of the composite of the virtual image of the width of said slit at said grating and the heighth of said grating and to project the radiation on said sample, and photosensing means for detecting radiation from said sample.

Optical apparatus for analyzing a sample material comprising a concave diffraction grating operable to disperse impinging radiation into narrow bandwidth components, means to oscillate said diffraction grating, optical means for projecting light radiation on said grating, an entrance slit located between said first optical means and said grating, an exit slit positioned to receive the radiation dispersed by said grating as it oscillates, means to position a sample in the path of radiation passing through said exit slit, a fiber optic array comprising a plurality of fibers, one end of each of said fibers having their end faces arranged in a conical locus positioned for said fibers to receive radiation from said sample, the other end of said fibers having their end faces arranged in a planar circular shape and photosensing means positioned to receive the light radiation emitted from the other end of said fibers.

Optical apparatus for analyzing a sample comprising a filament lamp having a filament, reflector means positioned to focus a real image of said filament along a side adjacent to said filament to form a composite image object with said filament in the form of a square an optical means for projecting light from said composite image object onto the sample, and means for detecting radiation from said sample.

Apparatus for irradiating a sample comprising a lamp having a linear filament, a support member rotatable with respect to said lamp about an axis passing through said lamp in a direction perpendicular to said filament, a reflector pivotally mounted on said first member arranged to focus an image of the filament of said lamp adjacent to said filament whereby the distance of the image of said filament from said filament can be adjusted by pivoting said reflector on said support member and the angular position of said lamp about said filament can be adjusted by rotating said support member about said axis.

Optical apparatus for analyzing a sample comprising a concave diffraction grating operable to disperse impinging light radiation into narrow bandwidth components, means to oscillate said diffraction grating, optical means for projecting light radiation on the oscillating grating, an entrance slit located between said optical means and the grating, an exit slit positioned to receive the light radiation dispersed by said grating, photosensing means for detecting light radiation that has passed through said exit slit, said means to oscillate said grating comprising an axle fixed to said grating, a pair of cam followers fixed to said axle, a pair of conjugate cams each having a surface continuously engaging a corresponding one of said cam followers, said grating being oscillated by the rotation of said conjugate cams with each acceleration and deceleration of the grating in one direction during its oscillation being effected by the action of one of the cam surfaces pushing on its corresponding cam follower and with each acceleration and deceleration of the grating in the other direction during its oscillation being effected by action of the other cam surface pushing on its corresponding cam follower.