Solid state ion responsive and reference electrodes

A reference electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate,
• a metallic layer on said substrate,
• a solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer and
• a cracked glass layer on said electrolyte layer and having a coefficient of thermal expansions substantially mismatched with respect to a coefficient of thermal expansion of said electrolyte layer to produce differential expansion therebetween.

A combination electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate means,
• a first metallic layer on said substrate means,
• a first solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer,
• a pH glass layer on said electrolyte layer,
• a second metallic layer on said substrate means and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer,
• a second solid electrolyte layer on said second metallic layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer, and
• a cracked glass layer on said second electrolyte layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer, said second glass layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion mismatched with respect to said second electrolyte layer to produce differential expansion therebetween.

A combination electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate means,
• a first metallic layer on said substrate means,
• a first solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer,
• a pH glass layer on said electrolyte layer,
• a second metallic layer on said substrate means and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer,
• a second solid electrolyte layer on said second metallic layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer, and
• an ion conducting path layer on said second electrolyte layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said pH glass layer.

An ion concentration measuring electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate,
• a metallic layer on said substrate,
• a solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer, and
• an RF sputtered ion selective layer on said last-mentioned layer.

A combination electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate means,
• a first metallic layer on said substrate means,
• a first solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer,
• an ion selective layer on said electrolyte layer,
• a second metallic layer on said substrate means and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, and first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer,
• a second solid electrolyte layer on said second metallic layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer, and
• a cracked glass layer on said second electrolyte layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, and first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer, said cracked glass layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion mismatched with respect to said second electrolyte layer to produce differential expansion therebetween.

A combination electrode comprising

• an electrically insulating substrate means,
• a first metallic layer on said substrate means,
• a first solid electrolyte layer on said metallic layer,
• an ion selective layer on said electrolyte layer,
• a second metallic layer on said substrate means and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer,
• a second solid electrolyte layer on said second metallic layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer, and
• an ion conducting path layer on said second electrolyte layer and electrically insulated from said first metallic layer, said first electrolyte layer and said ion selective layer.