Internal combustion engine

In a two stroke internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a piston reciprocally mounted therein, the improvement comprising:

• said piston having portions defining a precombustion chamber with an ejection opening therein;
• a spark plug mounted in the engine so as to project through said opening into the precombustion chamber when the piston is near top dead center position;
• and
• a wall of said engine defining, along with the piston in said position, a combustion chamber opposite the ejection opening, the wall defining said combustion chamber including a section of a conical surface sloping upward and away from the spark plug.

In a two stroke internal combustion engine, having a cylinder with a piston reciprocally mounted therein, the improvement comprising:

• said piston having portions defining a precombustion chamber with an ejection opening therein;
• a spark plug mounted in the engine so as to project, along an axis and in a first direction, through said opening into the precombustion chamber, when the piston is near top dead center position, the spark plug in said opening defining an ejection gap around the plug;
• a wall of said engine defining, along with the piston, a combustion chamber with a shape extending from the ejection gap radially outward with respect to said axis, and in a second direction opposite said first direction,
• whereby flame ejected from the precombustion chamber at the ejection gap, radially outward with respect to said axis and in said second direction, is received in the combustion chamber.

In a two stroke internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a piston reciprocally mounted therein, the improvement comprising:

• said piston having portions defining a precombustion chamber with an ejection opening therein;
• a wall of said engine defining, along with the piston in top dead center position, a combustion chamber opposite the ejection opening;
• a spark plug, extending from the wall at an aperture therein so as to project, along an axis, through said opening into the precombustion chamber when the piston is near said position;
• whereby flame ejected from the precombustion chamber through said opening is received in the combustion chamber, and
• including means on the wall near said aperture for moving the flame received in the combustion chamber toward a path perpendicular to said axis, as the piston approaches top dead center position.

A two stroke internal combustion engine, comprising:

• a cylinder;
• a piston, reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, and having a precombustion chamber formed in the piston below a top surface thereof, with an ejection opening through said top surface into the chamber, and a charging opening through a side wall of the piston into the chamber;
• a spark plug mounted so as to project in a first direction, through the ejection opening into the precombustion chamber when the piston is near top dead center position;
• an end wall defining, along with the piston in said position, a combustion chamber in communication with the ejection opening and positioned with respect to the ejection opening in a direction opposite to said first direction, whereby flame ejected from the precombustion chamber through said opening is received in the combustion chamber;
• said cylinder having openings formed in the cylindrical wall thereof, including:
• a fuel port positioned to be aligned with the charging opening of the piston near bottom dead center position,
• plural scavenging inlet ports positioned to be uncovered by the piston near bottom dead center position,
• plural scavenging outlet ports positioned above said inlet ports.

In a two stroke cycle internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein and defining therewith an expansible combustion chamber and exhaust and inlet ports in a side wall of said cylinder in position to be open to said combustion chamber only when said piston is adjacent the end of its expansion stroke wherein said combustion chamber is of near maximum volume, the improvement comprising:

• an air pump, said pump having an air intake communicating with ambient fresh air and pressurized air discharge means communicating with said inlet ports;
• a cavity in the upper end of said piston defining an auxiliary precombustion chamber communicating with said combustion chamber through an opening in an end of said piston, said piston being provided with a passage through a side thereof to said cavity and said cylinder side wall being provided with an air-fuel port aligned with said passage when said piston is at the end of its expansion stroke, wherein the volume of said cavity is about 1/40 the maximum volume of said combustion chamber and about 1/5 the minimum volume of said combustion chamber;
• charging means comprising a carburetor and a positive displacement charging pump, said charging pump being arranged to draw a rich air-fuel mixture from said carburetor and deliver a predetermined quantity thereof under pressure to said air-fuel port at each stroke of said piston;
• said exhaust, inlet and air-fuel ports being so positioned that downward movement of said piston first uncovers said exhaust ports then said inlet port to admit fresh air to scavenge said combustion chamber and finally align said passage with said fuel port to admit a predetermined charge of pressurized rich air-fuel mixture into said cavity.

In a two stroke internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a piston reciprocally mounted therein, the improvement comprising:

• said piston having portions defining a precombustion chamber with an ejection opening therein;
• a spark plug, mounted in the engine so as to project in a first direction, through said opening into the precombustion chamber when the piston is near top dead center position;
• and,
• a wall of said engine defining, along with the piston in said position, a combustion chamber in communication with the ejection opening and positioned with respect to the opening in a direction opposite to said first direction,
• whereby flame ejected from the precombustion chamber through said opening is received in the combustion chamber, and
• including means directed specifically at said opening as the piston approaches said top position, for moving said flame in the combustion chamber.

In a two stroke internal combustion engine having a cylinder with a piston reciprocally mounted therein, the improvement comprising:

• said piston having portions defining a precombustion chamber with an ejection opening therein:
• means for supplying a rich charge of air-fuel mixture into said precombustion chamber when the piston is in a low position;
• a spark plug, mounted in the engine so as to project in a first direction, through said opening into the precombustion chamber when the piston is near top dead center position, said ejection opening being slightly larger than the body of the spark plug to permit the plug to ignite the rich charge at a position within said chamber and to define an ejection gap around the plug to form the resulting flame into a high-velocity flow, while providing, at said low piston position, an unobstructed opening permitting said precombustion chamber to be supplied with said rich charge at a relatively low pressure;
• and,
• a wall of said engine defining, along with the piston in said position, a combustion chamber in communication with the ejection opening and positioned with respect to the opening in a direction opposite to said first direction,
• means for supplying said combustion chamber with a lean charge of air-fuel mixture;
• whereby said high velocity flow of flame is received directly in the combustion chamber to ignite the lean charge therein.

A two stroke internal combustion engine comprising:

• a cylinder;
• a piston reciprocally mounted in the cylinder, the top end of the piston including a flat surface perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, with a boss formed on the surface, the boss having a top planar surface slanting upward from the flat surface to the cylinder wall and having a side wall conforming to the cylinder wall, said piston having a spherical precombustion chamber formed therein, below the top surface of the boss and assymetrically located with respect to said axis, with an ejection opening through the boss top surface into the chamber and a charging opening through the boss side wall into the chamber, said boss being away from the edge of the flat surface except at the boss side wall, near the charging opening, said flat surface having plural deflector notches spaced about the flat surface edge, except at the boss side wall;
• a sealing ring around the piston near the top thereof, but below the charging opening in the boss side wall;
• a shroud wall section, forming an upward extension of the cylinder wall to cover the charging opening in the boss side wall when the piston is near top dead center position;
• the cylinder wall having plural exhaust ports located so as to be uncovered by the piston near the end of the downward stroke, said ports being spaced apart around the cylinder wall, except at the boss side wall, said cylinder wall further including plural scavenging inlet ports, positioned to be uncovered by the piston after the exhaust ports and for each intake port to be aligned with a different one of the deflector notches, said cylinder wall further including a fuel port positioned to align with the charging opening in the boss side wall, near the end of the downward stroke;
• means for delivering an air fuel mixture under pressure through the fuel port into the charging opening of the piston, said means including a carburetor enclosed in an air filter housing and a positive displacement pump connected from the carburetor to the fuel port;
• a spark plug mounted to project along an axis normal to the boss top surface, through said ejection opening into the precombustion chamber, when the piston is near said position;
• an end wall at the top of the cylinder, having a first section defining along with said surfaces of the piston in said position, a combustion chamber in communication with said ejection opening and having generally the shape of a toroid about the spark plug axis, said spark plug extending through the wall at an aperture therein, and said end wall section including a portion of a conical surface sloping upward and away from the spark plug, and said end wall including a second section conforming to a part of the flat surface of the piston in said position,
• whereby flame ejected from the precombustion chamber through the ejection opening is received in the combustion chamber;
• means for moving the flame received in the combustion chamber toward a path perpendicular to the spark plug axis, as the piston approaches said position, including:
• a planar, annular surface on the end wall approximately perpendicular to the spark plug axis, and around the aperture, slightly removed therefrom along the spark plug axis, and
• a concave annular surface formed on the end wall between the planar, annular surface and the aperture;
• and
• means for pumping air through the scavenging inlet ports onto said deflector notches, and through the cylinder in a quantity at each downward stroke, greater than the quantity of gas in the cylinder and combustion chamber, said means for pumping including a turbine driven pump and including means for directing gas from the exhaust ports to power the turbine.