Method of removing residual toner from surface of photoconductive member for use in electrostatic copying apparatus of the transfer type

In an electrostatic copying process of the type including providing a photoconductive member having a photoconductive surface over a conductive base, sensitizing said photoconductive surface by charging said photoconductive surface to a given polarity, exposing the thus charged surface to an optical image and thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on said photoconductive surface, developing said electrostatic latent image by means of a singlecomponent magnetic toner including toner particles which are polarizable in an electric field, such that said toner particles are polarized in accordance with charges forming said electrostatic latent image and are deposited on said surface by an electrostatic attraction force between said toner particles and said surface to thereby form a toner image on said surface, transferring said toner image to a copy paper, and thereafter cleaning from said surface any residual toner particles remaining after said transfer, the improvement wherein said cleaning comprises:

• subjecting said surface and said residual toner particles to a charge of the same polarity as said given polarity, thereby increasing the charge of said given polarity on outer portions of said residual toner particles and on portions of said surface not covered by said residual toner particles, and thereby inducing in said conductive base a charge of the opposite polarity from said given polarity;
• uniformly exposing said surface, simultaneously with or after said step of subjecting, and thereby neutralizing said charge of said given polarity on said portions of said surface not covered by said residual toner particles with said charge of opposite polarity in said conductive base;
• whereby there is achieved an electrical neutralization over the entire area of said surface and said residual toner particles and a reduction of said electrostatic attraction force between said residual toner particles and said surface;
• and
• removing said residual toner particles from said surface by brushing said surface with a magnetic brush formed of a single-component magnetic toner including toner particles which are polarizable in an electric field, and magnetically attracting to said magnetic brush said residual toner particles from said surface against the reduced electrostatic attraction force therebetween, while preventing polarization of said toner particles forming said magnetic brush due to said electrical neutralization.