Toner applicator for electrostatic copier

An applicator adapted to deposit triboelectrically-charged toner particles on an electrostatically charged latent image formed on a photo-conductive insulating moving medium in a xerographic system, said applicator comprising:

• A. a rotatable roll formed of conductive elastomeric material and mounted on electrically-insulated bearings so that a bias may be applied thereto;
• B. a trough for retaining a supply of non-magnetic toner particles, said trough being defined by two spaced plates associated with the surface of the roll, one plate having a deflectable blade extending therefrom formed of dielectric material, the edge of the blade being pressed tangentically against the moving roll surface and being somewhat deflected thereby against the roll surface to form a tight nip therewith which only admits a thin layer of said particles drawn from the bottom of the trough, the particles admitted through said nip rubbing against said edge and being triboelectrically charged thereby, whereby the layer carried on the roll surface departing from the nip is constituted by charged toner particles which adhere to the roll, said toner particles having sizes lying within a relatively narrow range to insure frictional engagement between substantially all of the particles in the thin layer thereof and said blade edge;
• C. means bringing about engagement between the charged layer of toner particles on the roll surface and said moving medium at a position displaced from the nip to effect a transfer of particles to said latent image on said medium to produce a developed image thereon;
• D. means to rotate said roll at a speed producing relative motion between the surface thereof and the medium to develop shear forces therebetween to enhance the deposition of charged toner particles on the latent image to produce an improved developed image.