Subscription television apparatus and methods

A television signal decoder for unscrambling a composite video signal having a horizontal trace line of randomly selected vertical intervals inverted and having the trace lines of associated fields following said vertical intervals inverted and further having randomly selected horizontal synchronization and blanking pulses during fields of the video signal suppressed in amplitude, the decoder comprising:

• (a) first means for detecting the polarity of said trace line of vertical intervals of a video signal;
• (b) second means for detecting the amplitude of said video signal during horizontal blanking pulses;
• (c) third means responsive to detection by said first means of said trace line having an inverted polarity for inverting the polarity of said associated fields;
• and
• (d) fourth means responsive to detection by said second means of said video signal having less than a first amplitude for activating a switch means for biasing said video signal with a second predetermined amplitude signal for a selected time interval following said detecting by said second means.

A television signal decoder for unscrambling a composite video signal having a horizontal trace line of randomly selected vertical intervals inverted and having the trace lines of associated fields following said vertical intervals inverted and further having randomly selected horizontal blanking and synchronization pulses during fields of the video signal suppressed in amplitude, the decoder comprising:

• a detector generating a video signal from said received composite video signal;
• a video modulator, said modulator having a first input terminal for said video signal and a second input terminal for a reference level signal, said modulator operable to generate a modulated television signal responsive to the difference between said video and reference level signals at said first and second terminals;
• biasing means for establishing first, second, and third differential signals between said first and second terminals upon receipt of first, second, and third control signals, respectively, said differential signals comprising the difference between said video and reference level signals, said first differential signal biasing said first and second terminals sufficiently for said modulator to generate a normal modulated television signal from said video signal, said second differential signal biasing said first and second terminals sufficiently for said modulator to generate an inverted modulated television signal, and said third differential signal biasing said first and second terminals sufficiently for said modulator to generate a modulated television signal at a fixed level from said normal modulated signal;
• first means for detecting the polarity of a selected trace line of vertical intervals of said video signal;
• second means for detecting the amplitude of said video signal during the initial portion of horizontal blanking pulses during the fields of said video signal;
• and
• control means for normally coupling said first control signal to said biasing means, said control means being responsive to detection by said first means of said selected trace line of a vertical interval having an inverted polarity to couple said second control signal to said biasing means during the trace lines of an associated field following said vertical interval, and said control means being responsive to detection by said second means of the initial portion of horizontal blanking pulses having an amplitude below a predetermined level to couple said third control signal to said biasing means during the portion of said horizontal blanking pulses following said initial portion.

A method for establishing a subscriber television system comprising the steps of:

• (a) generating a video signal comprising fields having video sections and synchronization sections and associated vertical intervals having video sections and synchronization sections;
• (b) randomly inverting said video signal by inverting randomly selected fields and a portion of the video section of said vertical intervals associated with said randomly selected fields;
• (c) suppressing the amplitude of randomly selected horizontal blanking pulses in said synchronization sections of said fields;
• (d) transmitting a scrambled video signal formed by said steps of generating, inverting and suppressing;
• (e) receiving said scrambled video signal;
• (f) reinverting the polarity of the fields of said received scrambled video signal upon determining that the polarity of said portion of the video section of said associated vertical intervals is inverted;
• (g) determining the amplitude of the horizontal blanking pulses of said received scrambled video signal and, upon determining that said video signal during the beginning of a horizontal blanking pulse is below a predetermined amplitude, activating a switch to bias the remaining portion of each horizontal blanking pulse in said fields with a fixed amplitude signal;
• and
• (h) transmitting an unscrambled video signal formed by said steps of receiving, reinverting, determining and activating to a television receiver.

A method for decoding a scrambled video signal, which video signal has randomly selected fields and a portion of the video section of a vertical interval associated with said randomly selected fields inverted and which video signal further has randomly selected horizontal blanking pulses suppressed, said method comprising the steps of:

• (a) detecting the polarity of said portion of the video section of each vertical interval;
• (b) reinverting the polarity of fields of said scrambled video signal upon detecting that the polarity of said portion of the video section of said associated vertical interval is inverted;
• (c) detecting the amplitude of the scrambled video signal during the initial portion of each horizontal blanking pulse in said fields;
• and
• (d) activating a switch to bias the amplitude of the scrambled video signal with a predetermined amplitude signal during the portion of each horizontal blanking pulse in said fields following said initial portion for each pulse for which said step of detecting the amplitude reveals the amplitude as being below a predetermined level.

A subscriber television system for selectively communicating a composite video signal having fields with horizontal trace lines separated by horizontal blanking pulses having front porches followed by horizontal synchronization pulses and the video signal further having vertical intervals separating the fields, the vertical intervals containing vertical synchronization information followed by horizontal trace lines separated by horizontal blanking pulses, the system comprising:

• (a) video encoder means for randomly inverting the polarity of said video signal by inverting the polarity of a trace line of randomly selected vertical intervals, and by inverting the trace lines of associated fields following said randomly selected vertical intervals, said encoder means further including means for suppressing the amplitude of randomly selected horizontal blanking pulses to form a scrambled video signal;
• (b) detector means responsive to the polarity of said trace line of said vertical intervals for detecting the polarity of the trace lines of said associated fields, said detector means being further responsive to the amplitude of said scrambled video signal during horizontal blanking pulses for detecting the suppression of said randomly selected horizontal blanking pulses;
• (c) means for identifying horizontal synchronization pulses in a received composite video signal, said means for identifying including a master scan oscillator phase-locked to said horizontal blanking pulses in response to horizontal synchronization pulses to identify an initial portion of said horizontal blanking pulses;
• and
• (d) decoder means responsive to said detector means for unscrambling said scrambled video signal, said decoder means including means coupled to said means for identifying horizontal synchronization pulses during said portion of said horizontal blanking pulse following said initial portion in response to said detection by said detector means of a suppressed horizontal blanking pulse to thereby prevent misoperation of said means for identifying during receipt of suppressed horizontal blanking pulses.