US 4,162,543 AGranted

Artificial heart

AssigneeInstitut Transplantatsii Organov I Tkanei

InventorsValery I. Shumakov, Moisei A. Lokshin, Vadim V. Vlasov, Vitaly A. Burynin, Nikolai V. Novikov

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Abstract

An artificial heart comprising at least one blood circulating pump having a transparent housing divided into two chambers by a diaphragm. One of the chambers is a hydraulic chamber having an inlet valve and an outlet valve which are connected to the circulatory system; the other chamber is a pneumatic chamber provided with a nipple for the intake and discharge of gas. The pump's pneumatic chamber has a transparent conductive coating, for example, of gold, applied onto the internal wall of said pneumatic chamber. Said coating and the surface of the blood circulating in the hydraulic chamber make up a capacitor whose capacity varies due to changes in the volume of the hydraulic chamber. Said capacitor serves as a blood volume transducer. The artificial heart includes a system for controlling the supply of gas to and the discharge of gas from the pneumatic chamber of said pump. The control system comprises an element which is sensitive to variations in the blood volume. Said sensitive element is an RC bridge. Said blood volume transducer is connected in one of the arms of said bridge. A blood volume indicator is connected to the output of the sensitive element.

Claims9

Dependent claims

An artificial heart comprising at least one blood circulating pump having:

a housing;
a diaphragm arranged in said housing and dividing said housing into two chambers, i.e. a hydraulic chamber and a pneumatic chamber;
said hydraulic chamber having an inlet valve and an outlet valve which are adapted to be connected in the circulation of a patient;
said pneumatic chamber having a nipple for the supply and discharge of gas and a conducting transparent coating applied onto the internal wall of said pneumatic chamber so that said coating and the surface of the blood circulating in said hydraulic chamber form a capacitor whose capacity varies depending on changes in the volume of the hydraulic chamber, said capacitor serving as a blood volume transducer of the pump;
a system for controlling the supply of gas to and the discharge of gas from said pneumatic chamber of said pump, comprising:
an electric power source;
a pneumatic power source;
an element sensitive to changes in the volume of blood in said hydraulic chamber of said pump, which sensitive element is an RC bridge one of whose arms incorporates said blood volume transducer of said pump;
an indicator of the volume of blood in said hydraulic chamber of said pump, connected to said sensitive element;
a compressed gas unit having a pneumatic input and an output, said pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said pneumatic power source;
a rarefied gas unit having a pneumatic input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said pneumatic power source;
an electropneumatic valve having two pneumatic inputs, an electric input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic output being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said nipple of said pneumatic chamber of said pump, one of said pneumatic inputs being connected through a pneumatic line to said compresses gas unit, while the second pneumatic input is connected through a pneumatic line to said rarefield gas unit;
a clock pulse generator which performs the function of a pulse rate setting unit;
a unit for setting the duration of the compressed gas intake, having an electric input and an electric output, said electric input being connected to said clock pulse generator, whereas said electric output is connected to the electric input of said electropneumatic valve.

11 more elements

An artificial heart as claimed in clain 6, wherein said system for controlling the supply of gas to and the discharge of gas from said pneumatic chambers of said first and second pumps comprises:

an electric power source;
a pneumatic power source;
a first element sensitive to changes in the volume of blood in said hydraulic chamber of said first pump, which sensitive element is an RC bridge one of whose arms incorpprates said blood volume transducer of said first pump;
a second element sensitive to changes in the volume of blood in said hydraulic chamber of said second pump, which sensitive element is an RC bridge one of whose arms inroporates said blood volume transducer of said second pump;
a comparator having two inputs and an output, one of said inputs being connected to the output of said first sensitive element, the second of said inputs being connected to the output of said second sensitive element;
a first compresses gas unit having a pneumatic input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said pneumatic power source;
a second compressed gas unit having a pneumatic input, a pneumatic output and an electric input, said pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said pneumatic power source, whereas the electric input is connected to the output of said comparator;
two rarefied gas units, one for each pump, each of said rarefied gas units having a pneumatic input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said pneumatic power source;
a first electropneumatic valve having two pneumatic inputs, an electric input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic output being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said nipple of said pneumatic chamber of said first pump, one of said pneumatic inputs being connected by means of a pneumatic line to one of said compressed gas units, the second pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to one of said rarefied gas units;
a second electropneumatic valve having two pneumatic inputs, an electric input and a pneumatic output, said pneumatic output being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said nipple of said pneumatic chamber of said second pump, one of said pneumatic inputs being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said second compressed gas unit, the second pneumatic input being connected by means of a pneumatic line to said second rarefied gas unit;
a clock pulse generator serving as a pulse rate setting unit;
a unit for setting the duration of the compressed gas intake, having an input and an output, said input being connected to said clock pulse generator, whereas said output is connected to said electric inputs of both said electropneumatic valves.

9 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Facts

Application: 05/827,029Filed 23 Aug 1977
Granted: 31 Jul 1979
Term ends: Not estimatedThe source records don’t support an estimate.

Classification8 codes

A61M 60/427
For positive displacement blood pumps: the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
A61M 60/196
Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body: replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial…
A61M 60/554
Regulation using real-time blood pump operational parameter data, e.g. motor current: of blood pressure
A61M 60/148
Implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel: in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques,…