Isomerization-alkylation systems comprising a Gr. III A Lewis acid and a non-reactive aprotic solvent
AssigneeExxon Research & Engineering Co.
InventorGeorge M. Kramer
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Abstract
Novel acid systems are disclosed which are characterized as being capable of stabilizing high concentrations of tertiary cations, e.g., t-butyl cation, and further characterized as capable of forming carbonium ion salts containing both dimeric and monomeric anions. The ions undergo hydride and halide exchange with other alkanes and halides. The hydride transfer reaction renders them useful in isomerization and alkylation reactions.
Claims19
A stable acid system comprising a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E).sub.MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M, is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, 1,1- dichlorocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocycloproane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than about 0.01 molar.
A stable catalyst composition which comprises an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E).sub.MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M, (b) a nonreactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, methylene bromide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane, 1,1-dibromocyclopropane, cis or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane and cis or trans-1,2-dibromocyclopropane, and wherein the concentration of said Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar and (c) an effective amount of a catalyst promoter.;
- selected from the group consisting of water, hydrogen halides, t - amyl alcohol and t - alkyl halides
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of a Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of AlBr.sub.3, GaBr.sub.3 and GaCl.sub.3, a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of methylene bromide and methylene chloride and a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride, wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent ranges from about 0.5 to about 3 molar.
A stable catalyst composition comprising an admixture of (a) a Lewis acid being characterized as having a "Selectivity Parameter" (I/E).sub.MCP greater than about 0.5 and being represented by the formula MXn, wherein M is a Group IIIA element of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen and n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M dissolved in (b) a non-reactive aprotic solvent selected from the group consisting of halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanes, halogenated cyclopropane and halogenated C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 alkenes, wherein the C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 compounds contain at least 2 halogen atoms per mole of compound, and wherein the concentration of the Lewis acid in the non-reactive aprotic solvent is greater than 0.01 molar, and (c) an effective amount of a promoter selected from the group consisting of t-butyl bromide and t-butyl chloride.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.