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US 4,146,361 AGranted
Apparatus for hot gas heat transfer particularly for paper drying
OwnerAnthony J. Cirritoinventor
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OwnerAnthony J. Cirritoinventor
Estimating the term…
Regenerative compression-combustion-expansion cycle engines are utilized to generate hot, high pressure gases for heat transfer use. The gas generation equipment includes temperature modulation by water injection, recycle of spent gas, and injection of turbine-expanded gas into the main hot gas stream. Separate combustion chambers are also utilized for exploiting low-cost fuel and increasing gas temperature. Special heat transfer equipment including helical nozzle arrays are provided for paper drying, the nozzle arrays being arranged to indirectly heat materials, such as paper, being dried, to radiantly heat such material, and to directly heat such material by impinging hot gas directly thereon. Continuously cleaned rotary filters, as well as jet operated doctor blades may be used in association with the nozzles. Hot high pressure gases are also employed for water removal from paper and similar materials by being forced through wet paper carried between two felts, and equipment leading the gas to and away from such a felt-paper sandwich is provided. One embodiment of such equipment includes an impervious gas conducting belt. The use of hot high pressure gases as a source of flow and turbulent energy for heat transfer purposes results in extremely efficient heat utilization, and the heat transfer equipment exploits to the fullest the properties of such hot pressure gases to minimize film resistance to heat transfer.
Apparatus for generating hot high-pressure combustion gases and for directing them onto material being processed while moving in a continuous path, comprising an expanding-fluid drive means with a high-pressure inlet port, at least one compressor means driven thereby and having a high-pressure discharge port, combustion means designed for temperatures above 1500.degree. F. and interconnected by ducting to the high-pressure discharge port of said compressor means and the high-pressure inlet port of said expanding-fluid drive means, cooling-fluid injection means operatively associated with the ducting between said combustion means and said expanding-fluid drive means, an independent discharge duct from said combustion means for delivering high-pressure gases containing most of the available energy as kinetic and flow energy and at temperatures substantially in excess of the high temperature limit of said expanding-fluid drive means, and means connected with said independent discharge duct for conducting said high-pressure gases onto said material.
Apparatus for generating hot high-pressure combustion gases, and for directing them onto material being processed while moving in a continuous path, comprising an expanding-fluid drive means with a high-pressure inlet port, at least one compressor means driven thereby and having a high-pressure discharge port, an engine-cycle combustion means designed for combustion temperatures in excess of 900.degree. F. and interconnected by ducting to the high-pressure discharge port of said compressor means and the high-pressure inlet port of said expanding-fluid drive means, a second combustion means, designed for temperatures substantially in excess of 1500.degree. F., which is separately fueled, a diverting duct leading from said discharge port and connected to said second combustion means, said diverting duct having control means and being adapted to divert a portion of the gases delivered by said compressor means to said second combustion means, said diverting duct being constructed to accommodate said portion as containing most of the available energy as kinetic and flow energy developed in said engine-cycle combustion means, and means connected to at least one discharge port of said second combustion means for conducting said high-pressure gases onto said material.
Apparatus for drying, comprising a hollow drying cylinder adapted to carry material to be dried on the outer surface thereof, means mounting said drying cylinder for rotation, a gas plenum mounted inside said drying cylinder, said plenum being adapted to remain in fixed angular position during rotation of said drying cylinder, an array of nozzles mounted on said plenum, said array being constructed so that the discharge ends of said nozzles establish a substantially cylindrical surface substantially coaxial with the inside surface of said drying cylinder and closely adjacent thereto, the input-ends of said nozzles communicating with the interior of said plenum, gas input means extending from a point exterior of said cylinder to the plenum, said input means being adapted to deliver hot gases to said plenum while the cylinder is rotating, gas exhaust means extending from a point exterior of said cylinder to the interior of said cylinder but exterior of the plenum, said exhaust means being adapted to deliver hot gases out of said cylinder, while it is rotating, to a fixed conduit connected to at least one externally mounted gas plenum which is equipped with discharge nozzles the extremities of which form an array that is fixed in space and equidistant from, but in close proximity to, the external circumferential surface of said drying cylinder, said externally mounted plenum being thereby adapted, with the nozzles, to deliver said gases to flow onto said material and a compression-combustion-expansion means for generating hot high pressure gases and delivering said gases to said gas input means.
Apparatus for generating high pressure combustion gases to be directed onto material being processed and ordered to move in a continuous path, comprising expanding-fluid-drive means, at least one compressor means actuated thereby, at least one combustion means firing in excess of 900.degree. F. connected to the discharge side of said compressor means, at least one said combustion means coupled to and sequentially powering ejector pumping means, said ejector pumping means incorporating at least one secondary inlet port and designed to receive combustion products containing most of the available energy developed by said expanding-fluid-drive means into its primary port as kinetic and flow energy for powering said ejector pumping means.
Apparatus for generating high-pressure combustion gases and for directing them for heat transfer to a material being processed while moving in a continuous path, comprising a high-pressure combustion means designed to fire at temperatures in a range between 900.degree. F. and 1500.degree. F. or higher, having a combustion products outlet, and expanding-fluid drive means designed for inlet temperatures less than said firing temperature, an oxydant compressor mechanically attached to and powered by said drive means and connected to a delivery means for directing at least a portion of the oxydant to said combustion means, said delivery means adapted to deliver most of the available kinetic and flow energy developed by said expanding - fluid drive means, a fluid supply means connected to and adapted to supply power fluid to said drive means at said inlet temperatures, and conducting means connected to said outlet of said combustion means and adapted for controlling and directing the combustion products for such heat transfer to said material within the specified range.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.