Heating carbonaceous particulate material

A process for pyrolyzing agglomerative carbonaceous material comprising:

• a. forming a primary swirling annular stream comprising a heat-supplying particulate material, substantially free of free oxygen by preventing free oxygen from being mixed with said stream during the formation of said stream, in a reaction zone determined by a confining boundary, said primary swirling annular stream having a central cavity;
• b. introducing into said central cavity a secondary stream comprising a particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material, substantially free of free oxygen by preventing free oxygen from being mixed with said stream prior to and during introduction into said central cavity;
• c. heating said particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material by the transfer of heat from said heat-supplying particulate material, thereby causing a transformation of said particulate agglomerative carbonaceous material into a form which will not adhere to said confining boundary, and thereby preventing particulate agglomerative material from adhering to said confining boundary, said form comprising a solid product, and preventing free oxygen from being introduced into said reaction zone;
• and
• d. removing all material from said reaction zone of said reactor.

A process for heating a carbonaceous particulate material comprising:

• a. forming a primary swirling annular stream comprising an entrained heat-supplying primary particulate material, in the absence of free oxygen, said primary swirling annular stream having a central cavity, in a reactor means comprising
• i. a conduit reactor having a circular cross-section,
• ii. a first inlet means communicating with said reactor means for admitting said entrained heat-supplying primary particulate stream into said reactor means,
• iii. a vane means positioned in said reactor means and spaced apart from the axis of said reactor means and downstream of said first inlet means for imparting a swirling annular motion to said entrained heat-supplying primary particulate stream,
• iv. a second inlet means communicating with said reactor means positioned for admitting a secondary particulate stream axially into said reactor means,
• v. a reacting zone within said reactor means and downstream of said second inlet means through which said streams pass, and
• vi. an outlet means in said reactor means and downstream of said reacting zone for removing material from said reactor means;
• b. introducing a secondary stream comprising a fresh carbonaceous particulate material, in the absence of free oxygen, into said second inlet means and into said central cavity;
• c. subjecting said fresh carbonaceous particulate material to the influence of said heat-supplying primary particulate material in said reacting zone to cause a transformation of said fresh carbonaceous particulate material into a substance a different chemical composition, said substance comprising a solid product and preventing free oxygen from being introduced into said reactor means;
• and
• d. removing all materials from said reactor means through said outlet means.

A process for heating a carbonaceous particulate material comprising:

• a. forming a primary swirling annular stream comprising an entrained heat-supplying primary particulate material in the absence of free oxygen, said primary swirling annular stream having a central cavity, in a reactor means comprising
• i. a conduit reactor having a circular cross-section,
• ii. a first inlet means communicating with said reactor means for admitting said entrained heat-supplying primary particulate stream into said reactor means,
• iii. a swirling means positioned in said reactor means for imparting a swirling annular motion to said entrained heat-supplying primary particulate stream,
• iv. a second inlet means communicating with said reactor means positioned for admitting a secondary particulate stream axially into said reactor means,
• v. a reacting zone within said reactor means and downstream of said second inlet means through which said streams pass,
• vi. an antiswirl-after-section means positioned in said reactor means and downstream of said reacting zone for stopping swirling motion, and
• vii. an outlet means in said reactor means and downstream of said reacting zone for removing material from said reactor means;
• b. introducing a secondary stream comprising a fresh carbonaceous particulate material, in the absence of free oxygen, into said second inlet means and into said central cavity;
• c. subjecting said fresh carbonaceous particulate material to the influence of said heat-supplying primary particulate material in said reacting zone to cause a transformation of said fresh carbonaceous particulate material into a substance of different chemical composition, said substance comprising a solid product and preventing free oxygen from being introduced into said reactor means;
• and
• d. removing all materials from said reactor means through said outlet means.