Pulse duration modulated signal transducer

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of a parameter, comprising in combination:

• a reference capacitor-resistance circuit having a first capacitor and a first resistance defining a predetermined rate of capacitor discharge;
• a second capacitor-resistance circuit having a second capacitor and a second resistance, at least one of which varies in accordance with the parameter to define a rate of capacitor discharge determined by the parameter, the first and second capacitors and the first and second resistors having respective capacitance and resistance values so that the rate of capacitor discharge of the second capacitor-resistance circuit is equal to or differs from the predetermined rate of capacitor discharge in a predetermined sense for all values of the second capacitor or second resistor that is varied in accordance with the parameter;
• means effective to produce a periodic pulse signal having pulses of predetermined duration and spacing;
• means responsive to said pulse signal effective to charge said first and second capacitors in unison during the time of each pulse signal to a predetermined voltage value;
• means responsive to the voltage across the first capacitor effective to produce a first digital signal when such voltage exceeds a predetermined reference value less than the predetermined voltage value and below which the first capacitor discharges during the time interval between successive pulse signals;
• means responsive to the voltage across the second capacitor effective to produce a second digital signal when such voltage exceeds the predetermined reference value below which the second capacitor discharges during the time interval between successive pulse signals;
• and
• a logic circuit responsive to the first and second digital signals effective to generate an output digital pulse when one and not both of the first and second digital signals is being generated to thereby supply a series of output digital pulses having durations determined by the value of said parameter.

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of a parameter, comprising in combination:

• a reference capacitor-resistor circuit comprised of a first capacitor and a first resistor coupled in parallel, the first capacitor and the first resistor defining a reference rate of capacitor discharge;
• a second capacitor-resistor circuit comprised of a second capacitor and a second resistor coupled in parallel, one of the second capacitor or second resistor being varied in accordance with the parameter to define a rate of capacitor discharge determined by the parameter, the first and second capacitors and the first and second resistors having respective capacitance and resistance values so that the rate of capacitor discharge of the second capacitor-resistance circuit is equal to or differs from the predetermined rate of capacitor discharge in a predetermined sense for all values of the second capacitor or second resistor that is varied in accordance with the parameter;
• means effective to produce a periodic pulse signal having pulses of predetermined duration and spacing;
• means responsive to said pulse signal effective to charge said first and second capacitors in unison during the time of each pulse signal to predetermined voltage value, the first and second capacitors discharging through the first and second resistors, respectively, during the time interval between successive pulse signals to respective values below a predetermined threshold level;
• a first threshold detector responsive to the voltage across the first capacitor effective to produce a first digital signal when such voltage exceeds the predetermined threshold level;
• a second threshold detector responsive to the voltage across the second capacitor effective to produce a second digital signal when such voltage exceeds the predetermined threshold level;
• and
• a logic circuit responsive to the first and second digital signals effective to generate a series of pulses commencing after the termination of the shortest one of the first or second digital signals and having durations determined by the value of said parameter.

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of a parameter, comprising in combination:

• a reference capacitor having a predetermined capacitance;
• a variable capacitor having a capacitance varying in accordance with the parameter, the capacitance of the variable capacitor being equal to or varying from the capacitance of the reference capacitor in a predetermined sense for all values of the parameter;
• means for repeatedly charging the variable and reference capacitors to a specified voltage level;
• first discharge means coupled across the reference capacitor for discharging said reference capacitor during the time interval between chargings thereof at a rate related to the capacitance thereof and to a voltage below a threshold voltage;
• second discharge means coupled across the variable capacitor for discharging said variable capacitor during the time interval between chargings thereof at a rate related to the capacitance thereof and to a voltage below the threshold voltage;
• a threshold detector coupled to the reference capacitor for generating a first digital signal when the voltage charge on the reference capacitor exceeds the threshold voltage;
• a second threshold detector coupled to the variable capacitor for generating a second digital signal when the voltage charge on the variable capacitor exceeds the threshold voltage;
• and
• a logic circuit responsive to the first and second digital signals effective to generate a series of pulses commencing after the termination of the shortest one of the first or second digital signals and having durations determined by the value of said parameter.

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of a parameter, comprising in combination:

• a variable capacitor having a capacitance varying from a limit capacitance in accordance with the value of the parameter, the capacitance of the variable capacitor having a fixed polarity relative to the limit capacitance;
• a reference capacitor having a capacitance equal to the limit capacitance;
• a first resistor parallel coupled with the variable capacitor;
• a second resistor parallel coupled with the reference capacitor, the first and second resistors having equal resistance;
• means effective to produce a periodic pulse signal having pulses of predetermined duration and spacing;
• means responsive to said pulse signal effective to charge said first and second capacitors in unison during the time of each pulse signal to a predetermined voltage value, the variable and reference capacitors discharging through the first and second resistors respectively during the time interval between successive pulse signals to respective values below a predetermined threshold level;
• a first threshold detector coupled to the reference capacitor for generating a first digital signal when the voltage across the reference capacitor exceeds the threshold voltage;
• a second threshold detector coupled to the variable capacitor for generating a second digital signal when the voltage across the variable capacitor exceeds the threshold voltage;
• and
• an exclusive or logic gate coupled to the first and second threshold detectors for generating a digital output signal when one and not both of the first and second digital signals is generated, whereby the exclusive or logic gate provides a series of digital output pulses having durations determined by the value of said parameter.

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of the parameter, comprising in combination:

• a reference circuit having a first reactor and a first resistor defining a predetermined time constant;
• a second circuit having a second reactor and a second resistor, at least one of which varies in accordance with the parameter to define a time constant determined by the parameter;
• means effective to repeatedly set a predetermined voltage across said first and second reactors in unison, the voltage across the first and second reactors varying after each repeated setting at rates determined by the respective time constants of the reference and second circuits;
• means responsive to the voltage across the first reactor effective to produce a first digital signal when said voltage attains a predetermined reference value;
• means responsive to the voltage across the second reactor effective to produce a second digital signal when said voltage attains the predetermined reference value;
• and
• a logic circuit responsive to the first and second digital signals effective to generate a series of pulses, each pulse commencing upon the termination of the shortest one of the first or second digital signals and terminating upon the termination of the longest one of the first or second digital signals, each pulse having a duration determined by the value of said parameter.

A transducer effective to produce a pulse duration modulated signal in accord with the value of the parameter, comprising in combination:

• a reference circuit having a first capacitor and a first resistor defining a predetermined rate of capacitor charge;
• a second circuit having a second capacitor and a second resistor, at least one of which varies in accordance with the parameter to define a rate of capacitor charge determined by the parameter;
• means effective to repeatedly set said first and second capacitors in unison to a predetermined voltage charge, the charge on the first capacitor varying after each repeated setting at the predetermined rate and the charge on the second capacitor varying after each repeated setting at the rate determined by the parameter;
• means responsive to the voltage across the first capacitor effective to produce a first digital signal when such voltage attains a predetermined reference value different from the predetermined voltage charge, the voltage across the first capacitor attaining the predetermined reference value during each cycle;
• means responsive to the voltage across the second capacitor effective to produce a second digital signal when such voltage attains the predetermined reference value, the voltage across the second capacitor attaining the predetermined reference value during each cycle;
• and
• a logic circuit responsive to the first and second digital signals effective to generate a series of pulses, each pulse commencing upon the termination of the shortest one of the first or second digital signals and terminating upon the termination of the longest one of the first or second digital signals each pulse having a duration determined by the value of said parameter.