Improved process for preparing superbasic detergent additives
AssigneeInstitut Francais du Petrole
InventorsJacques Lallement, Guy Parc, Gabriel DE Gaudemaris
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Abstract
New superbasic detergent additives are manufactured in two steps. The first step comprises the reaction of a sulfonic acid with an excess of oxide or hydroxide of lithium or group II A metal. The second step consists of carbonating the oxide or hydroxide in excess. The manufacture is conducted in the presence of a polyalkenylsuccinimide-amine salt.
Claims32
In a process for preparing a superbasic detergent additive that comprises (a) contacting sulfonic acid with an excess of oxide or hydroxide of a metal element selected from the group consisting of lithium and a metal of Group IIA of the Periodic Classification for a time sufficient to form the sulfonic salt of said metal element, (b) contacting the reaction mixture from step (a) with an amount of carbon dioxide sufficient and at a temperature sufficient to carbonate a substantial portion of the excess amount of said oxide or hydroxide, and (c) separating the uncarbonated fraction of said oxide or hydroxide from the reaction mixture, wherein the improvement comprises employing in the reaction mixture of steps (a), (b) and (c) at least one salt of the formula ##STR4## where R is a substantially saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 20 to 250 carbon atoms, X is an alkylene radical of 2-5 carbon atoms, the valences of which are located on separate carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 5, Z.sup.m- represents the anion of a protonic acid selected from the group consisting of a halohydric acid, a hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acid of 1-24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl polycarboxylic acid, m being the number of acid groups of said protonic acid and .alpha., which represents the number of salified amine groups per molecule of salt, has a value of at most n+1 in formula (I) and n in formula (II) said salt being present in sufficient amount to increase the utilization ratio of said excess amount of said oxide or hydroxide.
In a process for preparing a superbasic detergent additive that comprises (a) contacting sulfonic acid in a diluent oil which is a mineral oil or a synthetic oil of the ester, polyglycol, polyolefin or aromatic alkylate type, with an excess of oxide or hydroxide of a metal element selected from the group consisting of lithium and a metal of Group II A of the Periodic Classification, in the presence of a solvent system comprising a light aliphatic monohydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, isopropanol or n-butanol, and a liquid hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, an aliphatic hydrocarbon of 5-15 carbon atoms, an oil cut boiling in the gasoline or white-spirit temperature range and a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, for a time sufficient to form the sulfonic salt of said metal element, (b) contacting the reaction mixture from step (a) with an amount of carbon dioxide sufficient and at a temperature sufficient to carbonate a substantial portion of the excess amount of said oxide or hydroxide without precipitating the carbonated product;
- (c) separating the uncarbonated fraction of said oxide or hydroxide from the reaction mixture;
- and (d) removing the volatile solvent components, wherein the improvement comprises employing in the reaction mixture of steps (a), (b), (c) and (d) at least one salt of the formula ##STR7## where R is a substantially saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 20 to 250 carbon atoms, X is an alkylene radical of 2-5 carbon atoms the valences of which are located on separate carbon atoms, n is an interger from 1 to 5, Z.sup.m- represents the anion of a protonic acid selected from the group consisting of a halohydric acid, a hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acid of 1-24 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid, and a hydrocarbyl polycarboxylic acid, m being the number of acid groups of said protonic acid and .alpha., which is the number of amine groups salified in each salt molecule has a positive value of at most n+1 in formula (I) and n in formula (II), said salt being present in sufficient amount to increase the utilization ratio of said excess amount of said oxide or hydroxide.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.