US 4,057,720 AGranted

Behind casing fluid flow detection in producing wells using gas lift

AssigneeTexaco Inc.

InventorsHans J. Paap, Dan M. Arnold

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Abstract

Methods are provided for locating and measuring the linear flow velocity and volume flow rate of undesired water production behind casing in a producing well operating on gas lift while the well remains in a producing configuration. A well logging tool sized and adapted for passing through production tubing is lowered through the tubing string into the producing zone. The tool contains a source of 14 MEV neutrons and two longitudinally spaced gamma ray detectors. The detector may be placed alternately above or below the neutron source on the tool while maintaining the same source to detector spacing. With the well on production under gas lift the earth formations behind the casing are irradiated with 14 MEV neutrons, either continuously or in bursts, to activate elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of the undesired water flow. The decay of unstable isotope nitrogen 16 produced thereby is detected by the detection of its characteristic gamma rays at the dual spaced detectors. These measurements may then be interpreted in terms of the linear flow rate and volume flow rate of the undesired water flow.

Claims23

Dependent claims

A method for measuring the direction, linear flow rate and volume flow rate of behind casing water migration in a cased portion of a producing well operating on gas lift and producing well fluid through casing perforations which is transmitted to the earth's surface in relatively small diameter production tubing, without substantially interrupting the production of the well, comprising the steps of:

a. locating a well tool sized and adapted for passage through relatively small diameter production tubing and having a source of fast neutrons at least some of which having sufficient energy to cause the nuclear reaction 0.sup.16 (n,p) N.sup.16 and at least two gamma ray detectors longitudinally spaced from said source and each other to a position adjacent above or below the producing perforations to be investigated by passing said tool through the production tubing while keeping the well on production;
b. repetitively irradiating the borehole environs with bursts of fast neutrons from said source;
c. detecting substantially between said neutron bursts at each of said detectors gamma rays primarily caused by the decay of the unstable isotope N.sup.16 and generating signals representative thereof;
and
d. combining said signals according to a predetermined relationship to derive an indication of the direction and linear flow rate of any elemental oxygen nuclei comprising undesired fluid flow in a preferred direction behind the well casing at said adjacent position.

2 more elements

a. lowering a well tool sized and adapted for passage through relatively small diameter production tubing and having a source of fast neutrons at least some of which having sufficient energy to cause the nuclear reaction 0.sup.16 (n,p) N.sup.16 and at least two gamma ray detectors longitudinally spaced from said source and each other through the production tubing and into the producing zone of the well;
b. moving said tool at a known rate upwardly or downwardly from a position adjacent above or below said perforations to a position approximately at the same depth level in the well of the perforations;
c. irradiating the borehole environs with fast neutrons from said source;
d. detecting at each of said detectors gamma rays primarily caused by the decay of the unstable isotope N.sup.16 and generating signals representative thereof;
and
e. combining said signals according to a predetermined relationship to derive an indication of the direction and linear flow rate of any elemental oxygen nuclei comprising undesired fluid flow in a preferred direction behind the well casing at said adjacent position.

3 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.