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US 3,992,432 AGranted
Phase transfer catalysis of heterogeneous reactions by quaternary salts
AssigneeContinental Oil Company
InventorsDonald R. Napier, Charles M. Starks
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AssigneeContinental Oil Company
InventorsDonald R. Napier, Charles M. Starks
Estimating the term…
A process for catalyzing heterogeneous ionic organic reactions in a system of multiple liquid phases in which at least two of the reactants are each located in a different phase with respect to the other, the phases containing such reactants differing in polarity. Catalysis is effected by introducing to the system one of certain organic quaternary salts which are more soluble in the least polar reactant-containing phase than in the other reactant-containing phases. The quaternary salt catalysts utilized have the general structural formula (AM).sup.+X.sup.- where A is an organic portion of the salt molecule bonded to M by four covalent linkages, and preferably comprises a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals of either monovalent or polyvalent character, M is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, and X.sup.- is an anion which will dissociate from the cation (AM).sup.+ in an aqueous environment, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen and hydroxyl anions.
A process for conducting heterogeneous ionic reactions in a two-phase reaction system containing an organic phase and an aqueous phase, said reaction being conducted in the presence of an organic quaternary salt phase transfer catalyst, said salt transferring a functional reactant ion or group from either phase to the other phase, said quaternary salt being defined by (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, M).sup.+ X.sup.- wherein M is nitrogen, arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, and bismuth;
A process for conducting a heterogeneous ionic reaction in a two phase reaction system containing chloroform and an olefin in an organic phase and an alkaline metal base in an aqueous phase, said reaction being conducted in the presence of an organic quaternary salt phase transfer catalyst according to the general equation ##STR8## wherein said salt transfers sodium ions from the aqueous phase to the organic phase and chlorine ions from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, and wherein R and R.sub.1 are independently, hydrogen or alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and A is an alkali metal, said quaternary salt being defined by (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, M).sup.+X.sup.- wherein
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.