Betatron including electromagnet structure and energizing circuit therefor

A betatron, comprising:

• an electromagnet;
• at least one magnetizing winding of said electromagnet;
• a pair of pole cores of said electromagnet;
• shaped tips of said pole cores;
• said shaped tips of said pole cores defining at least one gap therebetween;
• a toroidal vacuum accelerating chamber disposed interiorly of said gap;
• at least one bias winding juxtaposed with said magnetizing winding;
• said magnetizing winding connected to a first and a second node, for producing a magnetic control flux and a magnetic acceleration flux in the betatron;
• said bias winding connected in series with said magnetizing winding, between said first node and a third node, for modifying the relative magnitudes of said acceleration flux and said control flux;
• an energy accumulator having a first and a second electrode, for storing energy to be discharged as an electric current into said magnetizing and said bias windings;
• a first switching element connected between said first electrode of said energy accumulator and said third node of said bias winding;
• a second switching element connected between said second node of said magnetizing winding and said second electrode of said energy accumulator;
• said energy accumulator having energy stored therein prior to the commencement of the excitation of said bias and magnetization windings;
• said first and second switching elements switching at a first time, conducting electric current from said energy accumulator through said bias and said magnetization windings, thereby producing said magnetic control and said magnetic acceleration fluxes in said betatron for the acceleration of charged particles injected therein, into a stable orbital state;
• a third switching element connected between said second electrode of said energy accumulator and said first node;
• a fourth switching element connected between said second node and said first electrode of said energy accumulator;
• said third and fourth switching elements switching at a second time after said energy accumulator has transferred said energy stored therein to said bias and magnetization windings;
• thereby decreasing the current through said bias winding and causing an abrupt change in the relative magnitudes of said magnetic acceleration and said magnetic control fluxes, thereby perturbing said accelerated charged particles out of their stable orbital state;
• said third and fourth switching elements conducting electric current from said magnetizing winding to said energy accumulator after said second time, thereby returning the energy stored in said magnetizing winding during the acceleration of said charged particles, to said accumulator.