Direct current motors with improved commutation

A separately excited two pole direct current motor system comprising, stationary field windings with first and second terminals, rotating armature, armature windings, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first second and third controlled rectifiers and associated trigger and bias circuits, first second and third diodes, said armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being nonconductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments leading one and lagging the other, each said first and second set of commutator brushes comprising first second and third brushes each resting against one of said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to anodes of said first second and third controlled rectifiers, the cathodes of all said three controlled rectifiers connected electrically to the positive terminals of a dc voltage source, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutator brushes connected electrically to cathodes of said first second and third diodes respectively, the anodes of all said three diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said slip rings comprising first second and third electrically conductive rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said winding terminal is electrically conductive with conducting segment of one of corresponding said commutator rings, also said first second and third end terminal of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip rings such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip rings, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one said three slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diode connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said stationary field winding energized separately from said dc voltage source through a field controller, said trigger circuit providing three gating signals to said first second and third controlled rectifier thus providing means for smoothly controlling armature power, said bias circuit comprising of first second and third resistances connected to the cathodes of first second and third controlled rectifiers respectively, the other end of all said three resistances connected to the positive terminal of a bias source, the negative terminal of said bias source connected to the positive terminal of said voltage source.

A direct current series two pole motor system comprising, field windings with first and second terminals, field diode, rotating armature, armature windings, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first and second set of diodes each set comprising first second and third diodes, said armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutator comprising first second and third commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments whereby leading one and lagging the other segment, each said first and second set of commutator brushes comprising a first second and third brushes each resting against one of said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of of commutating brushes connected electrically to anodes of first second and third diodes respectively of said first set of diodes, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutating brushes connected electrically to cathodes of first second and third diodes respectively of said second set of diodes, the cathodes of all diodes of said first set of diodes connected electrically together, the anodes of all diodes of said second set of diodes connected electrically together, the common cathode junction of said first set of three diodes connected to first terminal of said field winding, the second terminal of said field winding connected to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, the negative terminal of said dc voltage source connected electrically to the common anode junctions of said second sets of three diodes, said slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said winding terminal is electrically conductive with conducting segment of one of corresponding said commutator rings, also said first second and third end terminal of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip rings such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip rings, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one of said three slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, cathode and anode of said field diode connected across first and second terminals respectively of said field winding.

A direct current series two motor system comprising, field windings with first and second terminals, field diode, rotating armature, armature windings, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first second and third controlled rectifier and associated trigger and bias circuit, first second and third diode, said armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments whereby leading one and lagging the other segment, each said first and second set of commutator brushes comprising a first second and third brushes each resting against one of said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to anodes of said first second and third controlled rectifier, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutating brushes connected electrically to cathodes of said first second and third diode respectively, the cathodes of all said first second and third controlled rectifiers connected electrically together, the anodes of all said first second and third diodes connected electrically together, the common cathode junction of said three controlled rectifiers connected to first terminal of said field winding, the second terminal of said field winding connected to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, the negative terminal of said dc voltage source connected to the common anode junction of said three diodes, said slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said winding terminal is electrically conductive with conducting segment of one of corresponding said commutator rings, also said first second and third end terminal of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip rings such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip rings, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one of said three slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, cathode and anode of said field diode connected across first and second terminal of said field winding, said trigger circuit providing three gating signals to said first second and third controlled rectifier thus providing means for smoothly controlling armature power, said bias circuit comprising of first second and third resistances connected to the cathode of first second and third controlled rectifier respectively, the other ends of all said three resistances connected to the positive terminal of a bias source, the negative terminal of said bias source connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source.

A permanent magnet field, two pole direct current motor system comprising, permanent magnets to provide the field flux, rotating armature, armature winding, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first and second set of diodes, each set comprising of first second and third diodes, said armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments leading one and lagging the other, each said first and second set of commutator brush comprising first second and third brushes each resting against one said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to anodes of first second and third diodes respectively of said first set of diodes, the cathodes of all diodes of said first set of diodes connected electrically to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutator brushes connected electrically to cathodes of first second and third diodes respectively of said second set of diodes, the anodes of all diodes of second set of diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said winding terminal is electrically conductive with conducting segment of one of corresponding said commutator rings, also said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip rings such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip rings, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one said three slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source.

A permanent magnet field, two pole direct current motor system comprising, permanent magnets to provide the field flux, rotating armature, aramture winding, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first second and third controlled rectifier and associated trigger and bias circuits, first second and third diodes, said armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments leading one and lagging the other, each said first and second set of commutator brush comprising first second and third brushes each resting against one said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to anode of said first second and third controlled rectifiers, the cathodes of all said three controlled rectifiers connected electrically to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutator brushes connected electrically to cathode of said first second and third diodes respectively, the anodes of all said three diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, the slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said winding terminal is electrically conductive with conducting segment of one of corresponding said commutator rings, also said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip rings such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip rings, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one said three slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said trigger circuit providing gating signals to said first second and third controlled rectifier thus providing means for smoothly controlling armature power, said bias circuit comprising of first second and third resistances connected to the cathodes of first second and third controlled rectifiers respectively, the other end of all said three resistances connected to the positive terminal of a bias source, the negative terminal of said bias source connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source.

A permanent magnet field, two pole direct current motor system comprising, rotating permanent magnets to provide the field flux, stationary armature winding, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first and second set of diodes each set comprising of first second and third diodes, said stationary armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third rotating commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments whereby leading one and lagging the other segment, each said first and second set of commutator brushes comprising a first second and third brushes each said brush resting against a corresponding one of said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the said commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to the anode of first second and third diodes respectively of said first set of diodes, the cathode of all three diodes of said first set of diodes connected electrically to the positive terminals of a dc voltage source, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutator brushes connected electrically to cathodes of first second and third diodes respectively of said second set of diodes, the anodes of all three diodes of said second set of diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rotating rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third conductive rings of said slip rings connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segements such that each said ring is electrically conductive with a conducting segment of one of the corresponding said commutator rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip ring brushes such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip ring brushes, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one of said three slip ring brushes thus making the anode and cathode of said diode pair also electrically conductive with one corresponding three end terminals of said stationary armature winding, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source.

A permanent magnet field, two pole direct current motor system comprising, rotating permanent magnets to provide the field flux, stationary armature winding, commutators and associated stationary brushes, slip rings and associated stationary brushes, a full wave bridge rectifier, first second and third controlled rectifier and associated trigger and bias circuits, first second and third diodes, said stationary armature windings comprising a three phase winding with first second and third terminals, said commutators comprising first second and third rotating commutator rings and associated first and second sets of stationary commutator brushes, said three commutator rings being mechanically identical each having an electrically conductive segment not exceeding 120.degree. of the commutator ring surface and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, each said conductive segment of said three commutator rings being displaced symmetrically by 120.degree. with respect to the other two segments whereby leading one and lagging the other segment, each said first and second set of commutator brushes comprising a first second and third brushes each said brush resting against a corresponding one of said first second and third commutator rings, said first and second sets of commutator brushes being on diametrically opposite sides of the said commutators, first second and third brushes of said first set of commutating brushes connected electrically to the anodes of said first second and third controlled rectifiers, the cathodes of all said three controlled rectifiers connected electrically to the positive terminals of a dc voltage source, first second and third brushes of said second set of commutator brushes connected electrically to cathodes of said first second and third diodes respectively, the anodes of all said three diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said slip rings comprising of first second and third electrically conductive rotating rings and associated first second and third stationary slip ring brushes resting against the corresponding rings, said first second and third conductive rings of said slip rings connected respectively to said first second and third commutator segments such that each said ring is electrically conductive with a conducting segment of one of the corresponding said commutator rings, said first second and third end terminals of said armature winding connected respectively to said first second and third slip ring brushes such that each winding terminal is electrically conductive with one of said three slip ring brushes, said full wave bridge rectifier comprising three pairs of first and second diodes, the anode-cathode junction of each pair of said three pairs of first and second diodes being electrically connected to one of said three slip ring brushes thus making the anode and cathode of said diode pair also electrically conductive with one corresponding three end terminals of said stationary armature winding, the cathode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a first conductor, the anode ends of all said three pairs of first and second diodes connected together by a second conductor, said first conductor connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, said second conductor connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said trigger circuit providing three gating signals for said first second and third controlled rectifier thus providing means for smoothly controlling armature power, said bias circuit comprising of first second and third resistances connected to the cathodes of first second and third controlled rectifiers respectively, the other end of all said three resistances connected to the positive terminal of a bias source, the negative terminal of said bias source connected to the positive terminal of said voltage source.

A direct current motor system comprising of multiple pairs of poles for providing the field flux, a three phase winding for providing a rotating magnetic field, commutators and associated commutator brushes, slip rings and associated slip ring brushes, a rectifier for clipping the peak amplitude of induced voltage in motor windings during commutation, blocking diodes for blocking the flow of circulating current between motor winding during commutation, said commutator comprising of a plurality of rotating rings and associated positive and negative group of commutator brushes resting against the rotating commutator rings, each said commutator ring comprising a plurality of conducting segments and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, said slip rings comprising a plurality of conducting rings each in electrical contact with a corresponding slip ring brush, said clipping rectifiers comprising of a plurality of pairs of first and second diodes, the anode of first diode and the cathode of second diode of each said pairs of diodes connected electrically to a corresponding brush of said slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of first diodes of all said pairs of clipping diodes connected electrically to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, the anode ends of second diodes of all said pairs of clipping diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, each terminal of said three phase winding connected electrically to a corresponding said conducting segment of said commutator and to a corresponding slip ring of said slip rings, said blocking diodes comprising of first and second group of diodes, the anodes of each diode of said first group of blocking diodes connected to a corresponding brush of said positive group of commutator brushes, the cathode of each diode of said second group of blocking diodes connected to a corresponding brush of said negative group of commutator brushes, the cathode ends of all diodes of said first group of blocking diodes connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, the anode ends of all diodes of said second group of blocking diodes connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, the combination of said motor winding, commutators, slip rings, brushes, clipping diodes and blocking diodes, providing a ready path for the flow of reactive energy during commutation and blocking the flow of circulating current during commutation.

A direct current motor system comprising of multiple pairs of poles for providing the field flux, a three phase winding for providing a rotating magnetic field, commutators and associated commutator brushes, slip rings and associated slip ring brushes, a rectifier for clipping the peak amplitude of induced voltage in said three phase winding, a group of controlled rectifiers and associated trigger circuit, a group of blocking diodes, said commutators comprising of a plurality of rotating rings in contact with a group of positive and a group of negative commutator brushes, each ring of said commutator comprising of a plurality of electrically conductive segments and the rest of the surface being non-conductive, said slip rings comprising of a plurality of conductive rings each in electrical contact with a corresponding slip ring brush, said clipping rectifier comprising of a plurality of pairs of first and second diodes, the anode of first diode and the cathode of second diode of each said pairs of diodes connected electrically to a corresponding brush of slip ring brushes, the cathode ends of first diodes of all said pairs of clipping diodes connected electrically to the positive terminal of a dc voltage source, the anode ends of second diodes of all said pairs of clipping diodes connected electrically to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, each terminal of said three phase winding connected electrically to corresponding said conductive segments of said commutator rings and to a corresponding slip ring of said slip rings, the anodes of each controlled rectifier of said group of controlled rectifier connected to a corresponding brush of said positive group of commutator brushes, the cathode of each diode of said group of blocking diodes connected to a corresponding brush of said negative group of commutator brushes, the cathode ends of all controlled rectifiers of said group of controlled rectifiers connected to the positive terminal of said dc voltage source, the anode ends of all diodes of said group of clipping diodes connected to the negative terminal of said dc voltage source, said trigger circuit providing signals for gating the controlled rectifiers, the combination of said motor windings, commutators, slip rings, brushes, blocking diodes, clipping diodes, controlled rectifiers and associated trigger circuit providing a ready path for the flow of reactive energy during commutation, blocking the flow of circulating current during commutation and providing means for smoothly controlling the motor torque.