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US 3,956,531 AGranted
Chromium oxide densification, bonding, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity
AssigneeKaman Sciences Corporation
InventorsPeter K. Church, Oliver J. Knutson
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
Chromium oxide densification, bonding, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnecting porosity therein by impregnation with a chromium compound convertible to chromium oxide on heating, heating the impregnated body to convert the compound to chromium oxide and repeating the impregnation and heating steps. The body may be of any material composed of an oxide, has an oxide constituent or will form a well adhering oxide on its surface.
Claims50
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide wherein the chromium compound is a mixture of chromic acid and a chromate.
3 more elements
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide wherein the chromium compound is chromic acid comprising chromium trioxide dissolved in water to provide a specific gravity of about 1.65.
3 more elements
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide wherein the chromium compound is chromic acid comprising chromium trioxide dissolved in water with excess chromium trioxide added to provide a specific gravity of about 1.7.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is a mixture of chromic acid and a chromate.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is chromic acid reduced by a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, carbon, and formic acid.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in convertng the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to a chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is chromic acid having dissolved therein a compound selected from the group consisting of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 . zH.sub.2 O, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and chromium hydroxide.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is a reaction product of chromic acid and an oxide selected from the group consisting of magnesium and zinc oxides.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the material from which the body is formed is particulate and has an amount of the chromium compound mixed therewith prior to forming sufficient to provide chromium compound at each point of contract between the particulate material.
3 more elements
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide wherein the chromium compound is a mixture of chromic acid and a chromate selected from the group consisting of magnesium and zinc.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is a chromate selected from the group consisting of magnesium and zinc.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body wherein the chromium compound is of the general formula xCrO.sub.3 . yCr.sub.2 O.sub.3 . zH.sub.2 O.
3 more elements
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide wherein the chromium compound is of the general formula xCrO.sub.3 . yCr.sub.2 O.sub.3 . zH.sub.2 O.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of materials selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, silicides, silicates, titanates, stannates, zirconates, borides, intermetallics, ferrites, metals, metal alloys, oxides, complex oxides and mixtures thereof;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body.
3 more elements
The method of forming, densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- forming a porous body of a material which is comprised of an oxide;
- is insoluble in or non-adversely reactive with the solution of chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant to chromium oxide;
- impregnating the formed body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and, repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body where the porous body is a porous coating electrolytically formed on a substrate.
3 more elements
The method of densifying, hardening and strengthening of bodies and coatings having interconnected porosity which comprises the steps of:
- impregnating a porous body with a solution of a soluble chromium compound capable of being converted to chromium oxide on being heated;
- drying and curing said impregnated body by heating same to a temperature sufficient to convert the chromium compound in situ to chromium oxide;
- and,
- repeating the impregnation and curing steps at least once to densify, harden and strengthen the body, wherein the body consists of a material which is comprised of materials selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, silicides, borides, intermetallics, stannates, zirconates, titanates, borocarbides, silicates, ferrites, metals, metal alloys, oxides, complex oxides and mixtures thereof;
- is insoluble in and non-adversely reactive with the solution of a chromium compound selected as an impregnant;
- and is inherently temperature stable to at least the minimum heat cure temperature employed in converting the chromium compound impregnant, to chromium oxide.
3 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.