Multiple channel FM stereo system

A method of four-channel stereo communication, comprising:

• developing four input audio signals individually representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located, respectively, at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image;
• combining said four input audio signals so as to develop a composite four-channel stereo signal including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s,
• and a Hilbert transform of said four-element difference component modulating a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s in quadrature with said third sub-carrier which in combination with said modulated third sub-carrier effectively cancels the lower sideband of said third and fourth sub-carriers;
• generating a pilot signal of frequency .omega..sub.s /2 the second harmonic of which is caused to have a phase which is effectively displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree.;
• selectively generating an SCA signal modulating a fifth sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sideband of said third and fourth sub-carriers;
• frequency modulating an RF carrier with said composite stereo signal and said pilot signal;
• transmitting said RF carrier;
• receiving and demodulating said RF carrier to derive said composite stereo signal and said pilot signal;
• utilizing said pilot signal for decoding said composite signal to effectively remove from said first and second sub-carriers, respectively, first and second demodulation components disposed in quadrature and related to said first and second two-element difference components and to effectively remove from said third and fourth sub-carriers, respectively, third and fourth demodulation components also disposed in quadrature, said third demodulation component comprising said four-element diagonal difference component and the SCA information and said fourth demodulation component comprising a Hilbert transform of both said four-element difference component and the SCA information;
• matrixing said first, second and third demodulation components derived by said decoding process and said sum component of said composite signal to produce four modified demodulation components adapted for subsequent signal separation matrixing with said fourth demodulation component;
• producing a first predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic of said four modified demodulation components over a predetermined band of audio frequencies;
• producing a second predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic of said fourth demodulation component over said predetermined band to introduce a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said fourth demodulation component relative to said four modified demodulation components over said predetermined band;
• and
• combining said phase shifted four modified demodulation components and said phase shifted fourth demodulation component so as to remove said SCA signal and produce four discrete output audio signals corresponding to said four input audio signals.

Apparatus for accepting four input audio signals individually representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located, respectively, at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image and an SCA signal and for developing from said audio signals a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers and which includes an SCA channel, said apparatus comprising:

• encoding means for combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements single sideband modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• means for developing an SCA signal modulating a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sideband of said third sub-carrier;
• and
• means for developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced in phase relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree..

Apparatus for accepting four input audio signals representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image and an SCA signal and for developing from said signals a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers and which includes an SCA channel, comprising:

• encoding means for combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• first phasing means for effecting a first predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic of said stereo signal components over a predetermined band of frequencies;
• means responsive to said four input audio signals for developing an auxiliary four-element diagonal difference signal corresponding to said four-element diagonal difference signal component of said stereo signal;
• second phasing means receiving said auxiliary diagonal difference signal for impressing thereon a second predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic effective to introduce a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said auxiliary diagonal difference signal, relative to said four-element diagonal difference component, over said predetermined frequency band;
• means for impressing said auxiliary difference signal upon an auxiliary sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s which is phase-displaced in a predetermined direction by 90.degree. from said third sub-carrier modulated by said four-element diagonal difference component of said stereo signal;
• means for combining said auxiliary sub-carrier modulated by said auxiliary four-element difference signal with said stereo signal to produce a modified stereo signal in which a selected one of the sidebands of said third sub-carrier is cancelled;
• means for impressing said SCA signal on a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sideband of said third sub-carrier;
• means for developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 the second harmonic of which is effectively displaced, in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree.;
• and
• means for combining said modified stereo signal, said carrier-modulating SCA signal, and said pilot signal to produce a composite four channel stereo signal.

A method for processing four input audio signals representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image and an SCA signal to develop a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers and which includes an SCA channel, said method comprising:

• impressing on said four input audio signals, over a predetermined band of audio frequencies, a predetermined first phase-vs-frequency characteristic;
• combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of the diagonally related second pair of input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• developing from said four input audio signals an auxiliary four-element diagonal difference signal corresponding to said four-element diagonal difference signal component of said stereo signal;
• impressing upon said auxiliary difference signal a predetermined second phase-vs-frequency characteristic effective to introduce over said predetermined band of frequencies a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said auxiliary difference signal relative to said four-element difference component;
• impressing said auxiliary difference signal upon an auxiliary carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s which is phase displaced by 90.degree. from said third sub-carrier carrying said four-element difference component of said stereo signal;
• combining said auxiliary carrier modulated by said auxiliary difference signal with said stereo signal to produce a modified stereo signal in which a selected one of the sidebands of said third sub-carrier is removed;
• impressing an SCA signal on a fourth sub-carrier of frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sidebands of said third sub-carrier;
• developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier component by 45.degree.;
• and
• combining said modified stereo signal, said SCA signal, and said pilot signal to form a composite four channel stereo signal.

A four-channel stereo receiver for developing four discrete audio signals from a transmitted composite stereo signal frequency-modulating an RF carrier which effectively includes in the frequency domain at least the following components;

• a four-element sum component representing the sum of four input audio signals which signals are representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point, a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• a four-element diagonal difference signal representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements single-sideband-modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s,
• an SCA signal modulating a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sideband of said third sub-carrier;
• and a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree., said receiver comprising:
• means for demodulating said composite signal from said RF carrier;
• decoding means receiving said composite signal and responsive to said pilot signal for developing predetermined demodulation components corresponding to the modulation components of said composite stereo signal, including;
• a four-element sum component, first and second quadrature components derived from said first and second sub-carriers, and a four-element diagonal difference component derived from said third sub-carrier;
• and
• means for combining said demodulation components and said four-element sum component of said composite stereo signal to produce four discrete output audio signals suitable for synthesizing an acoustic image.

A four-channel stereo receiver for developing four discrete audio signals from a transmitted composite stereo signal frequency-modulating an RF carrier which effectively includes in the frequency domain at least the following components;

• a four-element sum component representing the sum of four input audio signals which signals are representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point, a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements single-sideband-modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s,
• an SCA signal modulating a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.sca located in the spectrum space of the missing sideband of said third sub-carrier,
• and a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier by 45.degree., said receiver comprising:
• means for demodulating said composite signal from said RF carrier;
• decoding means receiving said composite signal and responsive to said pilot signal for developing predetermined frequency-domain demodulation components related to the modulation components of said composite stereo signal, comprising:
• means for developing from said pilot signal first and second reference carriers each having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s ;
• first and second sub-carrier demodulating means receiving said first and second reference carriers for deriving first and second demodulation components in quadrature from said first and second sub-carriers;
• means for developing from said pilot signal a third reference carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• and a third sub-carrier demodulating means receiving said third reference carrier for deriving from said modulated third sub-carrier a demodulation component;
• and
• means for combining said demodulation components and said four-element sum component of said composite stereo signal to produce four discrete output audio signals related to said four input audio signals.

A method of four-channel stereo communication, comprising:

• developing four input audio signals individually representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located, respectively, at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image;
• combining said four input audio signals so as to develop a composite four-channel stereo signal including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s,
• and a Hilbert transform of said four-element difference component modulating a fourth sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s in quadrature with said third sub-carrier which in combination with said modulated third sub-carrier effectively cancels the lower sideband of said third and fourth sub-carriers;
• generating a pilot signal of frequency .omega..sub.s /2 the second harmonic of which is caused to have a phase which is effectively displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree.;
• frequency modulating an RF carrier with said composite stereo signal and said pilot signal;
• transmitting said RF carrier;
• receiving and demodulating said RF carrier to derive said composite stereo signal and said pilot signal;
• utilizing said pilot signal for decoding said composite signal to effectively remove from said first and second sub-carriers, respectively, first and second demodulation components disposed in quadrature and related to said first and second two-element difference components and to effectively remove from said third and fourth sub-carriers, respectively, third and fourth demodulation components also disposed in quadrature, said third demodulation component comprising said four-element diagonal difference component and said fourth demodulation component comprising a Hilbert transform of said four-element difference component;
• matrixing said first, second and third demodulation components derived by said decoding process and said sum component of said composite signal to produce four modified demodulation components adapted for subsequent signal separation matrixing with said fourth demodulation component;
• producing a first predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic of said four modified demodulation components over a predetermined band of audio frequencies;
• producing a second predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic of said fourth demodulation component over said predetermined band to introduce a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said fourth demodulation component relative to said four modified demodulation components over said predetermined band;
• and
• combining said phase shifted four modified demodulation components and said phase shifted fourth demodulation component so as to produce four discrete output audio signals corresponding to said four input audio signals.

Apparatus for accepting four input audio signals individually representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located, respectively, at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image and for developing from said audio signals a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers, comprising:

• encoding means for combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements single sideband modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• and
• means for developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced in phase relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree..

Apparatus for accepting four input audio signals representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image and for developing from said signals a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers, comprising:

• encoding means for combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• first phasing means for effecting a first predetermined predetermined characteristic of said stereo signal components over a predezermined band of frequencies;
• means responsive to said four input audio signals for developing an auxiliary four-element diagonal difference signal corresponding to said four-element diagonal difference signal component of said stereo signal;
• second phasing means receiving said auxiliary diagonal difference signal for impressing thereon a second predetermined phase-vs-frequency characteristic effective to introduce a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said auxiliary diagonal difference signal, relative to said four-element diagonal difference component, over said predetermined frequency band;
• means for impressing said auxiliary difference signal upon an auxiliary sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s which is phase-displaced in a predetermined direction by 90.degree. from said third sub-carrier modulated by said four-element diagonal difference component of said stereo signal;
• means for combining said auxiliary sub-carrier modulated by said auxiliary four-element difference signal with said stereo signal to produce a modified stereo signal in which a selected one of the sidebands of said third sub-carrier is cancelled;
• means for developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 the second harmonic of which is effectively displaced, in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 45.degree.;
• and
• means for combining said modified stereo signal and said pilot signal to produce a composite four channel stereo signal.

A method for processing four input audio signals representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point and characterizing an acoustic image to develop a composite four-channel stereo signal which is compatible with monaural and two-channel stereo receivers, said method comprising:

• impressing on said four input audio signals, over a predetermined band of audio frequencies, a predetermined first phase-vs-frequency characteristic;
• combining said four input audio signals to develop a stereo signal effectively including in the frequency domain at least the following components;
• a four-element sum component representing the sum of said four input audio signals,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of the diagonally related second pair of input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• and a four-element diagonal difference component representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third sub-carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• developing from said four input audio signals an auxiliary four-element diagonal difference signal corresponding to said four-element diagonal difference signal component of said stereo signal;
• impressing upon said auxiliary difference signal a predetermined second phase-vs-frequency characteristic effective to introduce over said predetermined band of frequencies a substantially 90.degree. phase shift of said auxiliary difference signal relative to said four-element difference component;
• impressing said auxiliary difference signal upon an auxiliary carrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s which is phase displaced by 90.degree. from said third sub-carrier carrying said four-element difference component of said stereo signal;
• combining said auxiliary carrier modulated by said auxiliary difference signal with said stereo signal to produce a modified stereo in which a selected one of the sidebands of said third sub-carrier is removed;
• developing a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier component by 45.degree.;
• and
• combining said modified stereo signal and said pilot signal to form a composite four channel stereo signal.

A four-channel stereo receiver for developing four discrete audio signals from a transmitted composite stereo signal frequency-modulating an RF carrier which effectively includes in the frequency domain at least the following components:

• a four-element sum component representing the sum of four input audio signals which signals are representative of first, second, third and fourth audio sources located at the left-front, right-front, left-rear and right-rear of a listening point,
• a first two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related first pair of said input audio signals modulating a first sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s,
• a second two-element difference component representing a difference between the elements of a diagonally related second pair of said input audio signals modulating a second sub-carrier of angular frequency .omega..sub.s but displaced in phase, relative to the phase of said first sub-carrier, by 90.degree.,
• a four-element diagonal difference signal representing a difference between the sum of said first pair of audio signal elements and the sum of said second pair of audio signal elements modulating a third subcarrier of angular frequency 2.omega..sub.s ;
• and a pilot signal having an angular frequency .omega..sub.s /2 and a phase which is such that the phase of the second harmonic thereof is effectively displaced, relative to the phase of said first subcarrier, by 45.degree., said receiver comprising:
• means for demodulating said composite signal from said RF carrier;
• decoding means responsive to said composite signal and to said pilot signal for developing predetermined demodulation components corresponding to the modulation components of said composite stereo signal,
• said decoding means comprising:
• a first product detector for deriving said first two-element difference component from said first sub-carrier,
• a second product detector for deriving said second two-element difference component from said second sub-carrier,
• a third product detector for deriving a negative of said first two-element difference component from a sub-carrier of like frequency but 180.degree. phase shifted with respect to said first sub-carrier,
• a fourth product detector for deriving a negative of said second two-element difference component from a sub-carrier of like frequency but 180.degree. phase shifted with respect to said second subcarrier;
• first gating means responsive to said composite signal and to said third subcarrier for deriving a first two-element sum component;
• second gating means responsive to said composite signal and to a sub-carrier 180.degree. phase shifted from said third sub-carrier for deriving a second two-element sum component;
• and
• matrix means for combining the four of said two-element difference components and the two of said two-element sum components to produce four discrete output audio signals.