Charging of electrophotographic surfaces

The method of charging surfaces which comprises producing a corona between a corona-producing member and a base electrode, causing corona components to be deflected by an interposed insulator or semi-conductive member to the area where the charge is to be applied, and positioning a member which is to be charged directly in the area of the deflected corona, whereby the corona passes at least over the insulator or semi-conductor surface, an insulating or semi-conducting shield surrounding said corona-producing member, and extending the corona through the material of said member.

The method of charging surfaces which comprises producing a corona between a corona-producing member and a base electrode, causing corona components to be deflected by an isolated interposed insulator or semi-conductive member to the area where the charge is to be applied, and positioning a member which is to be charged directly in the area of the deflected corona, whereby the corona passes at least over the insulator or semi-conductor surface, the corona-producing member being a wire extending transversely over the area where a member to be charged is traversed, maintaining a shield formed of an insulator or semi-conductor member beneath the said corona-producing wire, and moving the member which is to be charged through the said area.

The method of charging surfaces which comprises producing a corona between a corona-producing member and a base electrode, causing corona components to be deflected by an interposed insulator or semi-conductive member to the area where the charge is to be applied, and positioning a member which is to be charged directly in the area of the deflected corona whereby the corona passes at least over the insulator or semi-conductor surface, the corona-producing member being a wire extending longitudinally in a hollow in a co-extensive blade of insulating or semi-conductive material, shielding the wire from the area to be charged by means of the said blade, and applying a high frequency component of the charging current being applied to the wire whereby surface effects on the blade are introduced.

The method of charging surfaces which comprises producing a corona between a corona-producing member and a base electrode, causing corona components to be deflected by an interposed insulator or semi-conductive member to the area where the charge is to be applied, and positioning a member which is to be charged directly in the area of the deflected corona, whereby the corona passes at least over the insulator or semi-conductor surface, an extending insulating or semi-conducting shield being interposed between the corona-producing member and the said base electrode, said shield having a recess facing away from the said base electrode, positioning the said corona-producing member in said recess to extend along the same, said corona-producing member having nodes along its extension to form corona generating points along the said member.