Cd4+ cytotoxic t cells and methods of use thereof

A method of producing cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD4+ CTLs) comprising contacting CD4+ T cells with major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)-expressing cancer cells and (i) one or more agents that promote CD27-mediated co-stimulation of the CD4+ T cells and/or (ii) one or more agents that promote OX40-mediated co-stimulation of the CD4+ T cells, under conditions and for a time suitable for the formation of at least one immune complex between the CD4+ T cells and the cancer cells and promotion of the CD27-mediated co-stimulation of the CD4+ T cells and/or OX40-mediated co-stimulation of the CD4+ T cells, thereby producing the CD4+ CTLs.