Photoelectric conversion element, photoelectric conversion device, and method for manufacturing photoelectric conversion element

A photoelectric conversion element comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode;
• and
• a photoelectric conversion layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer containing a crystal having a perovskite structure,
• wherein the photoelectric conversion element comprises a charge-transporting layer arranged between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode,
• wherein the charge-transporting layer is formed of a charge-transporting particle and an insulating resin on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and
• wherein the charge-transporting particle is a particle containing a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings are bonded by conjugated bonds.

A photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising a photoelectric conversion element comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode;
• and
• a photoelectric conversion layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer containing a crystal having a perovskite structure,
• wherein the photoelectric conversion element comprises a charge-transporting layer arranged between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode,
• wherein the charge-transporting layer is formed of a charge-transporting particle and an insulating resin on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and
• wherein an average particle diameter of the charge-transporting particle in the charge-transporting layer is 1.0×101 to 3.0×102 nm.

A method of producing a photoelectric conversion element, the method comprising the steps of:

• forming a first electrode;
• forming a second electrode;
• forming a photoelectric conversion layer containing a crystal having a perovskite structure between the first electrode and the second electrode;
• and
• forming a charge-transporting layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode,
• wherein the charge-transporting layer contains a charge-transporting particle and an insulating resin, and is formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, and
• wherein an average particle diameter of the charge-transporting particle in the charge-transporting layer is 1.0×101 to 3.0×102 nm.