Method and apparatus for realizing ultra-high-speed structured illumination microscopy

A method for realizing ultra high-speed structured illumination microimaging, comprising:

• 1) shaping an illuminating beam emitted by a light source to form an illuminating beam with uniformly distributed light intensity;
• 2) splitting the illuminating beam into a central interference light path and a plurality of interference sub light paths, each of the interference sub light paths representing illumination interference fringes in different directions on a sample surface;
• 3) compensating an optical distance for each of the interference sub light paths to enable optical distances of all the sub light paths to be the same, and light of each of the interference sub light paths is split into p polarized light and s polarized light;
• 4) modulating the p polarized light and the s polarized light of each of the interference sub light paths by an electrooptical modulator to maintain a phase difference between the p polarized light and the s polarized light, and then changing polarization directions of the p polarized light and the s polarized light with a half wavelength plate to enable the polarization directions of the p polarized light and the s polarized light to be consistent;
• 5) combining a beam of the central interference light path with the p polarized light and the s polarized light of each of the interference sub light paths and then illuminating the combined beam to a sample to form a structured illumination pattern;
• and
• 6) collecting fluorescence activated by the sample for microimaging.