Staining kit and method for assessing likelihood of rheumatoid arthritis disease risk using the same

A method of processing biomedical data to generate a probability-based risk indicator for assessing the likelihood of a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease risk in a subject, comprising steps of:

• (a) staining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and/or white blood cells (WBCs) from the subject by using a staining kit, wherein the staining kit comprises:
• a first pattern, comprising antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD25, CD45, CD56, CTLA4, FoxP3 and PD-1;
• a second pattern, comprising antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD14, CD19, CD45, CD56, HLA-DR, PD-1 and PD-L1;
• a third pattern, comprising antibodies against CD3, CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD45, CD56, CD66b, CD123 and CD193;
• and
• a fourth pattern, comprising antibodies against CD10, CD19, CD21, CD23, CD38, CD45, CD127, IgG and IgM,
• wherein the antibodies of each pattern are labeled with fluorescent dyes;
• (b) performing biomedical data acquisition of fluorescent intensity of each antibody bound to characterized immune cell subsets of an RA disease by using flow cytometry to obtain a dataset comprising data related to types of the characterized immune cell subsets and proportions thereof;
• and
• (c) evaluating the dataset by using an artificial intelligent (AI) model to generate the probability-based risk indicator for the subject, thereby stratifying the subject into a risk category for the RA disease, wherein the generated probability-based risk indicator reflects the likelihood of the subject being at risk for the RA disease, providing a basis for further clinical evaluation or monitoring.