Systems and methods for improving externally powered cortical stimulation (xcs) waveforms

A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured to cause one or more data processors to perform:

• accessing neural data of a subject collected over a period of time, using an apparatus that included one or more sensor electrodes positions on a dural surface near targeted neurons;
• identifying one or more baseline activity metrics including a baseline firing rate, a baseline stimulation engagement, or a baseline synaptic strength of the targeted neurons based on the neural data;
• detecting, based on the neural data, one or more neural activity patterns of the targeted neurons, wherein the neural activity patterns include an activation threshold, a magnitude of a theta rhythm oscillations, a wavelet or spectral feature of the neural data, an impulse response, or a metric of engagement of the targeted neurons;
• generating a stimulation waveform based on the one or more detected neural activity patterns and based on one or more predefined stimulation parameters, wherein the one or more predefined stimulation parameters include an amplitude, a duty cycle, a burst cycle, an hourly cycle, or a daily cycle;
• initiating a stimulation, based on the generated stimulation waveform, via one or more stimulation electrodes, wherein the apparatus includes the one or more stimulation electrodes;
• measuring, in real-time, other neural data during or after the stimulation using the apparatus;
• identifying one or more activity metrics including a firing rate, a metric of stimulation engagements, or a synaptic strength of the targeted neurons based on the other neural data;
• detecting a change in a neural response by comparing the one or more activity metrics with the one or more baseline activity metrics;
• and
• adjusting, based on the detected changes in neural response, the stimulation parameters.

A system comprising:

• one or more processors;
• one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions, which, when executed by the system, cause the system to perform a set of actions including:
• accessing neural data of a subject collected over a period of time, using an apparatus that included one or more sensor electrodes positions on a dural surface near targeted neurons;
• identifying one or more baseline activity metrics including a baseline firing rate, a baseline stimulation engagement, or a baseline synaptic strength of the targeted neurons based on the neural data;
• detecting, based on the neural data, one or more neural activity patterns of the targeted neurons, wherein the neural activity patterns include an activation threshold, a magnitude of a theta rhythm oscillations, a wavelet or spectral feature of the neural data, an impulse response, or a metric of engagement of the targeted neurons;
• generating a stimulation waveform based on the one or more detected neural activity patterns and based on one or more predefined stimulation parameters, wherein the one or more predefined stimulation parameters include an amplitude, a duty cycle, a burst cycle, an hourly cycle, or a daily cycle;
• initiating a stimulation, based on the generated stimulation waveform, via one or more stimulation electrodes, wherein the apparatus includes the one or more stimulation electrodes;
• measuring, in real-time, other neural data during or after the stimulation using the apparatus;
• identifying one or more activity metrics including a firing rate, a metric of stimulation engagements, or a synaptic strength of the targeted neurons based on the other neural data;
• detecting a change in a neural response by comparing the one or more activity metrics with the one or more baseline activity metrics;
• and
• adjusting, based on the detected changes in neural response, the stimulation parameters.