Compound containing five-membered heterocycle, preparation method therefor, and application thereof

A method of preparing a compound containing a five-membered heterocycle, wherein the method comprises:

• (1) compound II and compound III are subjected to a first reaction in a first solvent in the presence of a condensing agent, to obtain compound IV;
• (2) compound IV and compound V are subjected to a second reaction in a second solvent in the presence of an alkaline substance, to obtain compound I;
• wherein the compound II has a structure represented by formula (II), the compound III has a structure represented by formula (III), the compound IV has a structure represented by formula (IV), the compound V has a structure represented by formula (V), and the compound I has a structure represented by formula (I),
• in formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV) and formula (V),
• X1 and X3 are each independently F, Cl, Br, I or CF3;
• X2 is H, F, Cl, Br, I or CF3;
• when X2 is H, X1 and X3 are not both Cl;
• n is selected from 0, 1 or 2;
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl, halo C1-C10 alkylcarbonyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylcarbonyl, C3-C10 cycloalkylmethylcarbonyl, C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyl, halo C1-C10 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C10 alkoxy-C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, halo C1-C10 alkoxy C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-C10 alkyl oxalyl, halo C1-C10 alkyl oxalyl, C1-C10 alkoxyoxalyl, halo C1-C10 alkoxyoxalyl, C1-C10 alkylsulphonyl, halo C1-C10 alkylsulphonyl, C1-C10 alkylsulfinyl, halo C1-C10 alkylsulfinyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylcarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy C1-C4 alkyl;
• L is selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, methylsulfonyl, trifluoromethanesulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl or p-toluenesulfonyl.