Ultrasonic probe, pneumatically driven liquid metering injection apparatus, and control and fault-diagnosis method for pneumatically driven liquid metering injection based on ultrasonic sensing

An ultrasonic probe disposed inside a liquid storage container and configured to measure liquid temperature, concentration, liquid-level height, and storage gas pressure, the ultrasonic probe comprising:

• a sensing chamber configured to receive a liquid under test;
• a reservoir channel in communication with the sensing chamber and an internal accommodation space of the liquid storage container;
• a temperature sensor disposed within the sensing chamber and configured to measure the liquid temperature;
• a first ultrasonic reflection module disposed on a first rigid sidewall of the sensing chamber;
• a first ultrasonic sensing module disposed on a second rigid sidewall of the sensing chamber and configured to transmit an ultrasonic detection signal to the first ultrasonic reflection module, receive a reflected signal, and obtain a first ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) indicative of the liquid concentration;
• a second ultrasonic reflection module disposed on an elastic sidewall of the sensing chamber, a first gas chamber being provided outside the elastic sidewall, the first gas chamber being in communication with gas in the liquid storage container, and the elastic sidewall being configured to deform according to a difference between a liquid pressure at its position within the sensing chamber and a gas pressure within the liquid storage container;
• a second ultrasonic sensing module disposed on a third rigid sidewall of the sensing chamber and configured to transmit an ultrasonic detection signal to the second ultrasonic reflection module, receive a reflected signal, and obtain a second ultrasonic TOF indicative of the liquid-level height;
• a third ultrasonic reflection module disposed on an elastic top surface of the sensing chamber, a second gas chamber being provided above the elastic top surface, the second gas chamber being in communication with ambient atmosphere outside the liquid storage container, and the elastic top surface being configured to deform according to a difference between a liquid pressure at its position within the sensing chamber and ambient atmospheric pressure;
• and
• a third ultrasonic sensing module disposed on a bottom surface of the sensing chamber and configured to transmit an ultrasonic detection signal to the third ultrasonic reflection module, receive a reflected signal, and obtain a third ultrasonic TOF indicative of an internal gas pressure of the liquid storage container.