Counter electrodes for reversible metal electrodeposition

Abstract

The present disclosure provides improved counter electrodes for reversible metal electrodeposition-based devices and methods for their manufacture. The counter electrodes feature a multi-layer architecture comprising a conductive core, a functional interlayer, and an active outer shell. The functional interlayer provides both chemical protection and mechanical stability while maintaining optical transparency. Various manufacturing methods are disclosed, including vapor deposition, electroplating, and additive manufacturing, suitable for both batch and continuous production. The improved design enables enhanced durability and performance in applications such as dynamic glass while maintaining visible light transmission above 50%. Manufacturing methods are optimized for precise control of layer properties and interfaces, enabling reliable production at commercial scale.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.