High-rigidity turning and milling compound power tool spindle structure

A high-rigidity turning and milling compound power tool spindle structure, comprising the following structures:

• a spindle box (1) is cuboid and is provided with mounting flanges on an upper plane and a lower plane thereof, the rotation centerline of the mounting flanges is the spindle swing centerline, the mounting flanges are used for connecting a machine tool swing head and conducting interaction among mechanical, electrical and hydraulic pipelines, and the high-rigidity turning and milling compound power tool spindle structure can swing around the spindle swing centerline to perform multi-angle machining on a workpiece;
• both ends of a spindle core shaft (2) are respectively installed in the spindle box (1) through a front support bearing (3) and a rear support bearing (4);
• the front support bearing (3) adopts a dual-row cylindrical roller bearing, with a taper of 1:12 in the diameter direction of an inner hole, and the axial position of the front support bearing (3) on the spindle core shaft (2) is determined by match grinding of a front bearing adjusting pad (7), making an inner ring of the front support bearing (3) expand to eliminate the initial clearance, thereby achieving a designed preload and radial rigidity of the front support bearing (3);
• the rear support bearing (4) is composed of three angular contact ball bearings, among which, two angular contact ball bearings have the same contact angle direction to jointly resist an axial component force for milling, and the other angular contact ball bearing has an opposite contact angle direction and is spaced from the other two angular contact ball bearings through a bearing spacer (9);
• a preload of the rear support bearing (4) is adjusted by match grinding of the bearing spacer (9);
• and an outer ring of the rear support bearing (4) is pressed tightly in a mounting hole of the spindle box (1) by a fixed toothed disk (12) and a fixed toothed disk adjusting shim (11) matched with the fixed toothed disk (12), an inner ring of the rear support bearing (4) is fixed to the spindle core shaft (2) by a rotating toothed disk (13) as well as a rotating toothed disk adjusting shim (10) and an axial locking adjusting shim (14) matched with the rotating toothed disk (13), and axial positioning of the spindle core shaft (2) is achieved through the rear support bearing (4);
• a mechanical labyrinth flange (5) and a tool interface flange (6) are both installed on the front end of the spindle core shaft (2);
• a hydraulic oil chamber locked and released by a three-toothed-disk mechanism is formed by a locking toothed disk (15), a spindle rear cylinder body (16) and a sealing end cover (19);
• the three-toothed-disk mechanism is mainly composed of the fixed toothed disk (12), the rotating toothed disk (13) and the locking toothed disk (15);
• the spindle rear cylinder body (16) is installed on an end face of the fixed toothed disk (12), the sealing end cover (19) is pressed tightly against an end face of an inner hole of the spindle rear cylinder body (16) by a spindle rear cylinder head (17), the locking toothed disk (15) is installed in the spindle rear cylinder body (16) and can reciprocate under the action of oil pressure, the sealing end cover (19) is installed on the front end of the spindle rear cylinder head (17), a guide cylindrical pin (26) is fixed on an end face of the sealing end cover (19), and the spindle rear cylinder head (17) is installed on an end face of the spindle rear cylinder body (16);
• and a tool releasing piston (18) is installed in the spindle rear cylinder head (17) and forms a tool releasing oil chamber through a sealing element;
• a transmission bevel gear (21) is installed on the spindle core shaft (2) and conducts transmission through a flat key (22);
• a broach mechanism (8) is installed in an inner hole of the spindle core shaft (2), and a tool releasing flange (20) is installed on the rear end of the broach mechanism (8);
• the tool releasing flange (20) is pushed under the action of oil pressure to load a tool into the broach mechanism (8);
• after the oil pressure is disconnected, a broach claw on the front end of the broach mechanism (8) is driven by a nitrogen spring in the broach mechanism (8) to lock the tool on the tool interface flange (6), and the spindle core shaft (2) is driven by the transmission bevel gear (21) through the flat key (22) to rotate and start a milling operation;
• when the rotating toothed disk (13) and the fixed toothed disk (12) are driven by the spindle core shaft (2) to achieve angular positioning, the locking toothed disk (15) moves in the direction of the rotating toothed disk (13) under the action of oil pressure in the spindle rear cylinder body (16) and is guided by the guide cylindrical pin (26) on the sealing end cover (19) during moving to prevent circular rotation;
• under the action of the locking toothed disk (15), the rotating toothed disk (13) is in close contact with a positioning base surface of the fixed toothed disk (12), tooth surfaces of the fixed toothed disk (12), the rotating toothed disk (13) and the locking toothed disk (15) are in full contact, and the three-toothed-disk mechanism completes locking;
• and the spindle core shaft (2) is restricted by the rotating toothed disk (13) and cannot rotate, and the high-rigidity turning and milling compound power tool spindle structure is switched to a turning operating mode;
• a flexible conical surface locking mechanism is also provided on the front end of the spindle core shaft (2), a front locking cylinder body (24) is installed on a front end face of the spindle box (1), a front sealing disk (25) is installed on an end face of the front locking cylinder body (24), and a flexible locking sleeve (23) reciprocates in the front locking cylinder body (24) under the action of hydraulic oil;
• when the high-rigidity turning and milling compound power tool spindle structure is switched to the turning operating mode, the flexible conical surface locking mechanism begins to work, and a locking conical surface of the flexible locking sleeve (23) is in close contact with an outer conical surface of the front part of the spindle core shaft (2) to transmit a radial force acting on the front end of the spindle core shaft (2) to the front locking cylinder body (24);
• and six notches are uniformly distributed on the locking conical surface of the flexible locking sleeve (23) along the circumferential direction.