Composition, a method of preparing a composition, and photoelectric conversion element

A method of preparing a composition including a pigment that is a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings are bonded by conjugated bonds, a dispersant, a resin, and a solvent,

• wherein the dispersant is a calixarene compound represented by the following formula [A],
• wherein a mass of the dispersant in the composition is 0.20 times or more with respect to a mass of the resin in the composition, and
• wherein the method comprises dispersing the pigment and the dispersant with the solvent to provide a dispersion liquid, and then adding the resin to the dispersion liquid to disperse the pigment, the dispersant, and the resin again:
• in the formula [A], R1 to R5 are as follows each independently in each repeating unit and each independently for “n” repeating units:
• R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;
• R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;
• and R3 to R5 each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted —Y—Ar group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and at least one of R3 to R5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted —Y—Ar group, where —Y— of the —Y—Ar group represents —CH═N—, —CH═CH—, or —N═N—, and Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and “n” represents an integer of 3 to 20.

A photoelectric conversion element comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a photoelectric conversion layer containing a crystal having a perovskite structure;
• a charge-transporting layer;
• and
• a second electrode,
• wherein the photoelectric conversion element comprises, between the photoelectric conversion layer and the first electrode, a charge-transporting layer formed by using a composition,
• the composition comprising:
• a pigment that is a cyclic conjugated compound in which a plurality of pyrrole rings are bonded by conjugated bonds;
• a dispersant;
• a resin;
• and
• a solvent,
• wherein the dispersant is a calixarene compound represented by the following formula [A],
• wherein a mass of the dispersant in the composition is 0.20 times or more with respect to a mass of the resin in the composition, and
• wherein the pigment has a particle diameter of 1.0×101 to 5.0×102 nm.:
• in the formula [A], R1 to R5 are as follows each independently in each repeating unit and each independently for “n” repeating units:
• R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;
• R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group;
• and R3 to R5 each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted —Y—Ar group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and at least one of R3 to R5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted —Y—Ar group, where —Y— of the —Y—Ar group represents —CH═N—, —CH═CH—, or —N═N—, and Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and “n” represents an integer of 3 to 20.